Interconnects

Niewolak, L.; Tietz, Frank; Quadakkers, W. J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410453-2.00007-5

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…The electrical contact between two adjacent SOFC unit cells is promoted by the interconnectors, which also have the function of separating and distributing fuel and oxidant gases in the electrode [7][8][9]. The selection of interconnect materials depends on the good compatibility of their properties with the cell components and still be economically feasible [1,2,5,10]. However, high working temperature cells (750-1000 • C) implies higher costs with compatible materials, increasing manufacturing costs and shortened cell life [1,2,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of interconnect materials depends on the good compatibility of their properties with the cell components and still be economically feasible [1,2,5,10]. However, high working temperature cells (750-1000 • C) implies higher costs with compatible materials, increasing manufacturing costs and shortened cell life [1,2,10]. Traditionally, ceramic materials such as lanthanum chromite (LaCrO 3 ) were used in high-temperature SOFC interconnectors [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, high working temperature cells (750-1000 • C) implies higher costs with compatible materials, increasing manufacturing costs and shortened cell life [1,2,10]. Traditionally, ceramic materials such as lanthanum chromite (LaCrO 3 ) were used in high-temperature SOFC interconnectors [10][11][12]. However, technological advances in the manufacture and design of SOFCs allowed the reduction of the working temperature for intermediate ranges between 700 and 850 • C, thus being able to use lower costs and good properties materials as interconnectors [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial ferritic alloys were specially developed for SOFC applications and showed good results [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Crofer 22APU with nominal composition 20-24Cr; 0.03C; 0.3-0.8Mn; 0.5Si; 0.5Al; 0.2Ti; 0.2La (% wt) was specially developed for applications in SOFC environments [10][11][12][13]. Their superficial layer is predominantly composed by spinel oxides Cr 2 O 3 and a columnar outer layer (Mn, Cr) 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This outer layer presents excellent corrosion resistance in atmospheres relevant to SOFC applications up to 900 • C, reducing the evaporation of chromium very effectively [13,16]. However, the manufacturing process and the noble metals present in their composition increase the final cost and, therefore, do not meet the economic viability requirement of SOFC [8,10]. As a good alternative, ferritic stainless steel (17-20% Cr) has been extensively studied for interconnectors manufacturing processes due to their properties as low cost, good mechanical properties and good workability if compared to the previously used materials [7][8][9]11,12,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obtaining Mn-Co Alloys in AISI 430 Steel from Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Application in SOFC Interconnectors

et al. 2020

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The recycling of exhausted lithium-ion batteries from mobile phones originate five solutions with different Co and Mn proportions that were used as electrolytic solutions to obtain Mn-Co spinel coatings on the surface of AISI430 stainless steel. The coatings are intended to contain chromium volatility in the working conditions of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) metallic interconnectors. Potentiostatic electrodeposition was the technique used to obtain Mn-Co coatings from low concentration electrolytes at pH = 3.0 and potential applied −1.3 V. Charge efficiency data were used for sample optimization. Three optimized samples were subjected to oxidation heat treatment at 800 °C for 300 h and then characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results showed that the addition of manganese ions instead of cobalt ions in the electrolytic bath produces more stable and well-distributed deposits as the ratio of the two ions becomes equal in the electrolytic bath. Thin, homogeneous and stable spinel coatings (Mn, Co)3O4 2.8 μm and 3.9 μm thick were able to block chromium volatility when exposed to SOFC operating temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Obtaining Mn-Co Alloys in AISI 430 Steel from Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Application in SOFC Interconnectors

et al. 2020

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Addressing planar solid oxide cell degradation mechanisms: A critical review of selected components

McPhail

Frangini

Laurencin

et al. 2021

Electrochemical Science Adv

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In this review paper, a critical assessment of the main degradation processes in three key components of solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysers (negative and positive electrodes and the interconnect) is undertaken, attempting prioritization of respective degradation effects and recommendation of the best approaches in their experimental ascertainment and numerical modeling.Besides different approaches to quantifying the degradation rate of an operating solid oxide cell (SOC), the latest advancements in microstructural representation (3D imaging and reconstruction) of SOC electrodes are reviewed, applied to the quantification of triple-phase boundary (TPB) lengths and morphology evolution over time. The intrinsic degradation processes in the negative (fuel)This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Post‐test Characterization of Metallic Materials and Adjacent Components in an SOFC Stack After 34,000 h Operation at 700 °C

et al. 2018

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The present paper describes the electrochemical results and the post exposure microstructural characterization by means of SEM/EDS of a four layer SOFC stack after 34,000 h operation under load at 700 °C, showing low voltage degradation rate less than 0.3% per 1,000 h. Emphasis was put on the behavior of the ferritic interconnect steel and its interaction with glass sealants as well as contacting and coating materials. The interconnect steel had formed thin protective chromia scales. Gas distributing steel foils of 200 µm showed in some locations breakaway type oxidation. It was related to local overheating caused by locally occurring combustion of a defective cell. The interaction of the steel with the glass sealant showed good adhesion. Interdiffusion at the joint between nickel contact and steel interconnect at the anode side resulted in minor oxide formation on the Ni wires and in austenite formation in the steel without formation of σ‐FeCr formation at the steel/austenite interface. The steel showed excellent compatibility with the Manganese‐Cobalt‐Ferrite (MCF) chromium retention coatings. Chromium enriched phases were found near the interface between MCF coating and perovskite contact layer. Excess glass sealing material interacted with the contact layer without showing obvious detrimental effects.

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Interconnects

Cited by 31 publications

References 229 publications

Obtaining Mn-Co Alloys in AISI 430 Steel from Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Application in SOFC Interconnectors

Obtaining Mn-Co Alloys in AISI 430 Steel from Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Application in SOFC Interconnectors

Addressing planar solid oxide cell degradation mechanisms: A critical review of selected components

Post‐test Characterization of Metallic Materials and Adjacent Components in an SOFC Stack After 34,000 h Operation at 700 °C

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