Intercomparison experiments of systems for the measurement of xenon radionuclides in the atmosphere

Auer, Matthias; Axelsson, A.; Blanchard, X.; Bowyer, Theodore W.; Brachet, G.; Bulowski, I; Dubasov, Yu. V.; Elmgren, K.; Fontaine, J.-P.; Harms, W.; Hayes, James C.; Heimbigner, Tom R.; McIntyre, Justin I.; Panisko, Mark E.; Popov, Yury; Ringbom, Anders; Sartorius, Hartmut; Schmid, Sabine; Schulze, Joachim; Schlosser, C.; Taffary, T.; Weiß, Wolfgang; Wernsperger, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.01.011

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In 2000, these four systems were tested together for several months in parallel in Freiburg, Germany-the socalled Phase II experiment [11]. Afterwards, these four prototypes were installed at IMS sites in Guanghzou (China), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Spitsbergen (Norway), and Papeete (Tahiti).…”

Section: Ctbt Noble Gas Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output of the Russian ARIX system is a b-gated gamma spectrum [9]. The French SPALAX system is based on high-resolution gamma spectroscopy [10].In 2000, these four systems were tested together for several months in parallel in Freiburg, Germany-the socalled Phase II experiment [11]. Afterwards, these four prototypes were installed at IMS sites in Guanghzou (China), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Spitsbergen (Norway), and Papeete (Tahiti).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The complexity of CTBT verification. Taking noble gas monitoring as an example

Kalinowski

Becker²,

Saey³

et al. 2008

Complexity

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Verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is a complex undertaking. A monitoring system comprising a global network of 321 seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide stations is used to detect signals that could indicate a possible nuclear explosion. This system daily sends more than 10 GB of raw data to the Vienna based International Data Centre for further processing and analysis to answer a simple question: have any indications for a possible nuclear explosion been sensed? We will focus on the 40 stations in charge for global radioxenon monitoring and discuss the complexity of solving the nuclear source attribution problem.2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 14: [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99] 2008 INTRODUCTION T he verification of international agreements is often a highly complex undertaking. First of all, the cultural gap between scientific analysis and diplomatic thinking has to be bridged. Furthermore, even within the process of measurement, data processing, and analysis, many different methodologies are applied in an interdisciplinary cooperation.The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions. It has not yet entered into force, but its verification system is being established by the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) of the CTBTO PrepCom (CTBT Organisation Preparatory Commission) in Vienna. This verification system consists of three elements: global monitoring, consultation and clarification as well as on-site inspections. The main component is the International Monitoring System (IMS) that will be used to verify compliance with the CTBT once it has entered into force. This system will consist of 321 measurement stations all over the world (see Figure 1). Seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide sensors are used to detect signals that could indicate a possible nuclear explosion. Every day, more than 10 GigaByte of raw data will be transmitted through a Global Communication Infrastructure (GCI) system to the International Data Centre (IDC) of the PTS in Vienna. The GCI consists of a network of five satellites that links the data measured at IMS stations directly to Vienna, This is an invited paper for the Special Issue-Security and Complexity, Guest Editor: Jü rgen Scheffran. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission. where it is also controlled and managed. The task of the IDC is to process and analyze this huge amount of data in order to break this information down to a simple message: have any indications for a possible nuclear explosion been sensed? This is reported in a daily executive summary bulletin that refers to more elaborate lists and reports. The IDC reports do not contain any interpretation or prejudice. The final judgement is left to the states parties. The raw data and the reports are sent out to the customers, which are authorized users in the member states. National data centers (NDCs) make use of the reports a...

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Section: Ctbt Noble Gas Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of CTBT verification. Taking noble gas monitoring as an example

Kalinowski

Becker²,

Saey³

et al. 2008

Complexity

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show abstract

“…9) Hence, in order to minimize the HEU accessibility, the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program was initiated in 1978, aiming at converting all reactors to low enriched uranium (LEU), i.e., down to below 20% enrichment in 235 U. So far, the mentioned program has succeeded only slightly in the area of isotope production for medical applications, since 95 -99% of all 99 Mo is produced by the irradiation of HEU targets, and less than 5% of the global 99 Mo production is derived from the irradiation of LEU targets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Production of⁹⁹Mo for Nuclear Medicine by¹⁰⁰Mo(n,2n)⁹⁹Mo

Nagai

Hatsukawa

2009

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

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“…These stations detecting xenon fission gas are part of the CTBTO IMS that has been described in [18], and a map of their locations is available at www.ctbto.org/map#. Xe, and have been discussed in several publications [19][20][21].…”

Section: Available Records and Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian method with empirically fitted priors for the evaluation of environmental radioactivity: application to low-level radioxenon measurements

Rivals

Clément

Euvrard

et al. 2011

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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To cite this version:Isabelle Rivals, Clément Fabbri, Guillaume Euvrard, Xavier Blanchard. A Bayesian method with empirically fitted priors for the evaluation of environmental radioactivity: application to low-level radioxenon measurements. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Springer Verlag, 2012, 292 (1) Corresponding author: Isabelle RivalsAbstract The decision that a given detection level corresponds to the effective presence of a radionuclide is still widely made on the basis of a classic hypothesis test. However, the classic framework suffers several drawbacks, such as the conceptual and practical impossibility to provide a probability of zero radioactivity, and confidence intervals for the true activity level that are likely to contain negative and hence meaningless values. The Bayesian framework being potentially able to overcome these drawbacks, several attempts have recently been made to apply it to this decision problem. Here, we present a new Bayesian method that, unlike the previous ones, presents two major advantages together. First, it provides an estimate of the probability of no radioactivity, as well as physically meaningful point and interval estimates for the true radioactivity level. Second, whereas Bayesian approaches are often controversial because of the arbitrary choice of the priors they use, the proposed method permits to estimate the parameters of the prior density of radioactivity by fitting its marginal distribution to previously recorded activity data. The new scheme is first mathematically developed. Then, it is applied to the detection of radioxenon isotopes in noble gas measurement stations of the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.

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Intercomparison experiments of systems for the measurement of xenon radionuclides in the atmosphere

Cited by 86 publications

References 17 publications

The complexity of CTBT verification. Taking noble gas monitoring as an example

The complexity of CTBT verification. Taking noble gas monitoring as an example

Production of⁹⁹Mo for Nuclear Medicine by¹⁰⁰Mo(n,2n)⁹⁹Mo

A Bayesian method with empirically fitted priors for the evaluation of environmental radioactivity: application to low-level radioxenon measurements

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Intercomparison experiments of systems for the measurement of xenon radionuclides in the atmosphere

Cited by 86 publications

References 17 publications

The complexity of CTBT verification. Taking noble gas monitoring as an example

The complexity of CTBT verification. Taking noble gas monitoring as an example

Production of99Mo for Nuclear Medicine by100Mo(n,2n)99Mo

A Bayesian method with empirically fitted priors for the evaluation of environmental radioactivity: application to low-level radioxenon measurements

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Product

Resources

About

Production of⁹⁹Mo for Nuclear Medicine by¹⁰⁰Mo(n,2n)⁹⁹Mo