Intercalated polypyrrole/Na+-montmorillonite nanocomposite via an inverted emulsion pathway method

Kim, J.W; Liu, F; Choi, Hyoung Jin; Hong, Seung Hoon; Joo, Jinsoo

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00749-8

Cited by 182 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Além disso, na literatura existem vários estudos comprovando que a incorporação de MMT melhora as propriedades mecânicas e térmicas de vários polímeros, através da obtenção de nanocompósitos com MMT, quando comparados com o polímero puro [22][23][24] . O interesse na obtenção de nanocompósitos de polímero condutor com MMT resulta do efeito sinérgico entre os componentes inorgânicos e orgânicos em nível molecular, permitindo alcançar propriedades que não poderiam ser atingidas a partir dos componentes individuais, tal como: o controle da condutividade elétrica e estabilidade térmica [14,[25][26][27] . Existe um grande número de trabalhos na literatura a respeito de nanocompósitos de MMT/PPy; alguns com resultados bastante promissores para aplicações em fluídos eletroreológicos, revestimento anticorrosivos e aditivos condutores, para serem incorporados em polímeros isolantes para aplicação em blindagem eletromagnética [19,20,28,29] .…”

Section: -Obtenção De Nanocompósitos Condutores De Montmorilonita/polunclassified

“…Os valores de condutividade elétrica encontrados variam em uma ampla faixa (10 -7 a 6 S/cm), dependendo do tipo e teor de argila, concentração de monômero, tipo de oxidante, surfactante usado na reação, método e condições de síntese [30] . Os nanocompósitos de MMT/ PPy são normalmente obtidos a partir da polimerização oxidativa in situ do pirrol na presença de surfactante aniônico, ácido dodecil benzeno sulfônico, (DBSA) ou sem qualquer tipo de surfactante [9,11,13,19,21,26,27,31] . O maior valor de condutividade elétrica encontrado na literatura, para nanocompósitos de MMT/PPy com e sem DBSA foi de 6 S/cm [27] e 4 S/cm [11] , respectivamente.…”

Section: -Obtenção De Nanocompósitos Condutores De Montmorilonita/polunclassified

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Obtenção de nanocompósitos condutores de montmorilonita/polipirrol: Efeito da incorporação do surfactante na estrutura e propriedades

et al. 2014

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Resumo: Nanocompósitos de montmorilonita/polipirrol (MMT/PPy) foram preparados a partir da polimerização in situ do pirrol na presença de argila, bentonita sódica natural, (MMT-Na + ) em solução aquosa com ou sem surfactante aniônico, dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS), utilizando-se o cloreto de ferro (III) hexahidratado (FeCl 3 .6H 2 O), como oxidante. A estrutura e propriedades dos nanocompósitos obtidos pela polimerização in situ do pirrol na presença de SDS (MMT/PPy.SDS) e sem surfactante (MMT/PPy) foram avaliadas e comparadas a partir da espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), análise termogravimétrica (TG) e método padrão quatro pontas. Os difratogramas dos nanocompósitos revelaram que o espaçamento basal d 001 da MMT (1,42 nm) foi alterado para valores maiores, indicando a intercalação do PPy na MMT para ambos os nanocompósitos obtidos. Os difratogramas e as imagens de MET e MEV dos nanocompósitos de MMT/PPy.SDS confirmaram que a presença do SDS na reação promoveu, além da intercalação, esfoliação parcial da argila. Os nanocompósitos MMT/PPy.SDS apresentaram condutividade elétrica (9,50 S/cm) maior do que o nanocompósito de MMT/PPy (4,44 S/cm). A presença da argila melhorou de forma significativa a estabilidade térmica do PPy. Palavras-chave: Polipirrol, montmorilonita, nanocompósitos, condutividade elétrica. The Preparation of Montmorillonite/polypyrrole Nanocomposites: The Effect of Surfactant Incorporation on the Structure and PropertiesAbstract: Montmorillonite/polypyrrole (MMT/PPy) nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of clay, natural sodium bentonite, (MMT-Na + ) in aqueous solutions with or without an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), using Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl 3 .6H 2 O) as oxidant. The structure and properties of the nanocomposites obtained by the in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of SDS (MMT/PPy.SDS) and without surfactant (MMT/PPy) were compared and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis and the four-point probe method. The XRD patterns of the MMT/PPy composites shows that the d 001 spacing in MMT (1.42 nm) was changed to higher values, indicating the intercalation of PPy on MMT for both nanocomposites. The XRD pattern, SEM and TEM images of the MMT/PPy.SDS nanocomposites confirmed that the presence of SDS in the reaction medium promoted, beyond intercalation, the partial exfoliation of the clay. The MMT/PPy.SDS nanocomposites showed electrical conductivity (9.50 S/cm) higher than the MMT/PPy nanocomposites (4.44 S/cm). The presence of the clay significantly improved the thermal stability of PPy.

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Section: -Obtenção De Nanocompósitos Condutores De Montmorilonita/polunclassified

Obtenção de nanocompósitos condutores de montmorilonita/polipirrol: Efeito da incorporação do surfactante na estrutura e propriedades

et al. 2014

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“…1,2 Among them, polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most promising materials because of its ease of synthesis, good electrical conductivity, and environmental stability. 3 Normally, PPy can be synthesized via chemical oxidative and electrochemical polymerizations. The latter provides a better control of the film thickness, morphology, and better conductivity compared with the former method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytic admicellar polymerization of pyrrole on natural rubber/clay nanocomposites

Pojanavaraphan

Chirasakulkarun

Muksing

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Organic-inorganic composites consisting of natural rubber (NR), polypyrrole (PPy), and sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) were synthesized via electrolytic admicellar polymerization. A constant potential of 9 volts was chosen for the synthesis. The PPy concentration was fixed at 100 mM, and the clay contents were varied from 1 to 7 parts per hundred of rubber (phr). The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), together with thermal stability (TGA), mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity (r dc ) studies. The FTIR spectra indicated the characteristic peaks of both PPy and MMT clay and also evidenced a slight interaction between the PPy chain and the clay layers, verifying the success of electrolytic admicellar polymerization. XRD and TEM results pointed out the good dispersion of clay platelets in the polymer matrix, suggesting an exfoliated structure. The morphology of the nanocomposites was greatly dependent on the amount of MMT clay, especially at a 7 phr loading. The initial modulus and tensile strength of the nanocomposites containing the 7 phr loading were about four and two times higher, compared with unfilled NR/PPy, respectively. Thermal stability studies revealed a slight improvement in the decomposition temperature for the PPy component by the clay layers, whereas the opposite trend was found for the NR component. More interestingly, the electrical conductivity of the admicelled rubber increased significantly ($ 19-32 times) with increasing clay contents from 1 to 7 phr, in comparison with unfilled NR/PPy. V

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“…Inverted emulsion pathway was recently described by Choi et al 25 for the preparation of intercalated PPY/Na + -MMT nanocomposite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Water Dispersible Nanocomposite of Polyacrylonitrile with Silica via Aqueous Polymerization of Acrylonitrile by K2CrO4–NaAsO2 Redox System

Maity

Biswas

2003

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The aqueous polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the redox pair, potassium chromate-sodium arsenite produced polyacrylonitrile which was recovered as a coagulum in the medium. A simple procedure was developed for obtaining a stable suspension of polyacrylonitrile-SiO 2 nanocomposite by conducting the polymerization in presence of SiO 2 as a particulate dispersant. SEM analyses revealed distinct morphological features of the polyacrylonitrile-SiO 2 nanocomposite. TEM analyses indicated the particle sizes of the polyacrylonitrile-SiO 2 composite to be in the 28-100 nm range. TG analyses revealed the enhanced thermal stability of the polyacrylonitrile-SiO 2 nanocomposite relative to that of the base polymer polyacrylonitrile. 20 developed a suspension polymerization technique using combination of water and appropriate nonaqueous solvents (for the monomers) in presence of usual oxidants to produce the corresponding nanocomposites.A significant recent development in this direction was the application of emulsion polymerization technique by Choi et al. [21][22][23][24] for the formation of nanocomposites of both speciality polymers (PANI, PPY) and the fundamental polymers (polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, and copolymers thereof) with Na + -MMT clay. Inverted emulsion pathway was recently described by Choi et al. 25 for the preparation of intercalated PPY/Na + -MMT nanocomposite.In the above background, we wish to report in this article a simple procedure of preparing a PAN-SiO 2 nanocomposite via aqueous polymerization of AN by Cr 6+ /AsO 2 − redox pair in presence of nanodimensional silica as particulate dispersants. The scope of this procedure is fairly wide since a variety of acrylic monomers and combinations thereof may be employed in presence of suitable particulate dispersants for the fabrication of the respective nanocomposites. We shall also describe some relevant bulk properties such as morphology, thermal stability, conductivity, and water dispersibility of the PAN-SiO 2 nanocomposite. EXPERIMENTAL Materials and MethodsAcrylonitrile (Aldrich, USA) was freed from inhibitors by successive washings with dilute sodium carbonate solution, dilute sulfuric acid and finally with distilled water. It was kept over-night over calcium chloride and distilled in an all glass apparatus. The fraction boiling at 77-78 • C was collected and stored carefully. Potassium chromate (Riedel, Germany) and sodium arsenite (Riedel, Germany) were used as the oxidant and the reductant respectively. SM-30 Colloidal (30% weight suspension in water, density 1.22 g mL −1 ) SiO 2 (Aldrich, USA) was used as the particulate dispersant. All other solvents were of analytical grade and were freshly distilled before used. Polymerization of Acrylonitrile with K 2 CrO 4 -NaAsO 2 Redox SystemIn a Pyrex flask, a definite amount (1.8-3.0 × 10 −3 mol) of K 2 CrO 4 was dissolved in 30 mL distilled water to which 0.02 mol of acrylonitrile was injected. The system was kept under stirring at ambient temperature under N 2 atmosphere for 10 m...

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Intercalated polypyrrole/Na+-montmorillonite nanocomposite via an inverted emulsion pathway method

Cited by 182 publications

References 41 publications

Obtenção de nanocompósitos condutores de montmorilonita/polipirrol: Efeito da incorporação do surfactante na estrutura e propriedades

Obtenção de nanocompósitos condutores de montmorilonita/polipirrol: Efeito da incorporação do surfactante na estrutura e propriedades

Electrolytic admicellar polymerization of pyrrole on natural rubber/clay nanocomposites

A Water Dispersible Nanocomposite of Polyacrylonitrile with Silica via Aqueous Polymerization of Acrylonitrile by K2CrO4–NaAsO2 Redox System

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