Abstract:Abstract:The Taiwan Strait (TS) is one of the main sources of phosphate that supports the large fish catches of the phosphate-limited East China Sea (ECS). The Penghu Channel is the deepest part of the TS, and most of the flow of the TS towards the ECS is principally through this channel. Empirical equations that are based on measurements made during 19 cruises (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) were combined with water velocity, salinity, and temperature, which were model… Show more
“…The seasonal variations of nutrients are strongly influenced by the seasonal change of different water mass occupation. Consequently, the seasonal change of water masses in the Taiwan Strait in this research is in accordance with previous research (Jan et al, 2002(Jan et al, , 2006(Jan et al, , 2010Chen, 2003Chen, , 2011Chen and Sheu, 2006;Wu et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2018). Hong et al (2011) revealed that there are three upwelling areas in the southern Taiwan Strait in summer.…”
Section: Water Masses Variety and Nutrients Availabilitysupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In addition, Jan et al (2010) found that the source water in the Taiwan Strait comes from the SCSW in summer. Huang et al (2018) also reported that during the summer and autumn, the main water mass in the Penghu Channel is the SCSW. Moreover, since precipitation is heavier in summer, water in the top layer is warmer and fresher during the summer than during the autumn (Huang et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Huang et al (2018) also reported that during the summer and autumn, the main water mass in the Penghu Channel is the SCSW. Moreover, since precipitation is heavier in summer, water in the top layer is warmer and fresher during the summer than during the autumn (Huang et al, 2018). As three primary water masses in the Taiwan Strait have different characteristics, different mixing ratios of water masses may cause different chemical and hydrographic conditions.…”
The first data set of seasonal marine environment and euphotic zone integrated primary production (IP) variations in the Taiwan Strait was reported. The measured annual IP was 123 ± 86 gC m −2 year −1 (338 ± 235 mgC m −2 day −1), and its seasonal variations can be described with a left-skewed normal distribution curve. The average seasonal IP values from the highest to the lowest were summer (664 ± 270 mgC m −2 day −1), autumn (350 ± 118 mgC m −2 day −1), spring (202 ± 110 mgC m −2 day −1), and winter (137 ± 68 mgC m −2 day −1). The lowest IP was during the nutrient-rich winter because it had a short insolation duration, low incident photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and low light transmission (shallow euphotic zone depth) due to strong vertical mixing. In contrast to the winter, the highest IP was during the nutrient-depleted summer, which had a long insolation duration, high incident PAR and high light transmission (deeper euphotic zone depth). In addition, the heterotrophic nutrients from upwelling in the south might also support the highest IP in summer. As three primary water masses exist in the Taiwan Strait and three of them have different characteristics, different mixing ratios of water masses may cause different chemical and hydrographic conditions, which leads to different levels of Chl a concentrations and primary production. It is worth to mention that offshore wind farm (OWF) construction in the Changyun Rise (CYR) of the Taiwan Strait is ongoing. As primary production is the foundation for a marine ecosystem and supports the food web and fish stock, the results of this research can not only be used as the baseline for evaluating the OWF impact on the marine ecosystem but also be used for assessing their influence on fishery resources.
“…The seasonal variations of nutrients are strongly influenced by the seasonal change of different water mass occupation. Consequently, the seasonal change of water masses in the Taiwan Strait in this research is in accordance with previous research (Jan et al, 2002(Jan et al, , 2006(Jan et al, , 2010Chen, 2003Chen, , 2011Chen and Sheu, 2006;Wu et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2018). Hong et al (2011) revealed that there are three upwelling areas in the southern Taiwan Strait in summer.…”
Section: Water Masses Variety and Nutrients Availabilitysupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In addition, Jan et al (2010) found that the source water in the Taiwan Strait comes from the SCSW in summer. Huang et al (2018) also reported that during the summer and autumn, the main water mass in the Penghu Channel is the SCSW. Moreover, since precipitation is heavier in summer, water in the top layer is warmer and fresher during the summer than during the autumn (Huang et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Huang et al (2018) also reported that during the summer and autumn, the main water mass in the Penghu Channel is the SCSW. Moreover, since precipitation is heavier in summer, water in the top layer is warmer and fresher during the summer than during the autumn (Huang et al, 2018). As three primary water masses in the Taiwan Strait have different characteristics, different mixing ratios of water masses may cause different chemical and hydrographic conditions.…”
The first data set of seasonal marine environment and euphotic zone integrated primary production (IP) variations in the Taiwan Strait was reported. The measured annual IP was 123 ± 86 gC m −2 year −1 (338 ± 235 mgC m −2 day −1), and its seasonal variations can be described with a left-skewed normal distribution curve. The average seasonal IP values from the highest to the lowest were summer (664 ± 270 mgC m −2 day −1), autumn (350 ± 118 mgC m −2 day −1), spring (202 ± 110 mgC m −2 day −1), and winter (137 ± 68 mgC m −2 day −1). The lowest IP was during the nutrient-rich winter because it had a short insolation duration, low incident photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and low light transmission (shallow euphotic zone depth) due to strong vertical mixing. In contrast to the winter, the highest IP was during the nutrient-depleted summer, which had a long insolation duration, high incident PAR and high light transmission (deeper euphotic zone depth). In addition, the heterotrophic nutrients from upwelling in the south might also support the highest IP in summer. As three primary water masses exist in the Taiwan Strait and three of them have different characteristics, different mixing ratios of water masses may cause different chemical and hydrographic conditions, which leads to different levels of Chl a concentrations and primary production. It is worth to mention that offshore wind farm (OWF) construction in the Changyun Rise (CYR) of the Taiwan Strait is ongoing. As primary production is the foundation for a marine ecosystem and supports the food web and fish stock, the results of this research can not only be used as the baseline for evaluating the OWF impact on the marine ecosystem but also be used for assessing their influence on fishery resources.
“…Those estimates were calculated using chemical data from one or only a few cruises, and so may exhibit higher uncertainty than the data in this study based on 57 cruises. Our pervious study reported that the water, TA, DIC, N, P, and Si transports in the deepest part of the TS, Penghu Channel, are 0.81 ± 0.34 Sv, 1.87 ± 0.79 mmol C s −1 , 1.65 ± 0.71 mmol C s −1 , 1.20 ± 0.99 kmol N s −1 , 0.13 ± 0.085 kmol P s −1 , and 3.06 ± 1.83 kmol Si s −1 30 . Generally, the water and chemical transports in the TS are higher than those in the Penghu Channel except the N transport, and that reflects the substantial southward N transport by the CCC in the TS.Figure 2Time series of ( a ) water, ( b ) TA, ( c ) DIC, ( d ) N, ( e ) P, and ( f ) Si model-calculated transports.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…To understand the exchanges between the ECS and the SCS, the study area covers cross-sections at both ends of the TS. Compared with our preliminary study which investigated the southeastern corner of the TS 30 , this investigation focuses on the interaction between the ECS and the SCS, and mechanisms affecting long-term variations in the TS.…”
The Taiwan Strait (TS) directly connects two of the richest fishing grounds in the world - the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS). Carbon and nutrient supplies are essential for primary production and the Yangtze River is an important source for the ECS. However the ECS is severely P-limited. The TS transports an order of magnitude more carbon and a factor of two more phosphate (P) to the ECS than the Yangtze River does. To evaluate the temporal variability of these supplies, the total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), nitrate plus nitrite (N), P, and silicate (Si) fluxes through the TS were estimated using empirical equations for these parameters and the current velocity, which was estimated using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). These empirical equations were derived from
in situ
salinity and temperature and measured chemical concentrations that were collected during 57 cruises (1995–2014) with a total of 2096 bottle samples. The 24-month moving averages of water, carbon, and nutrient fluxes significantly increase with time, so does the satellite chlorophyll
a
concentration. More importantly, the increased supply of the badly needed P from the TS is more than that from the Yangtze River.
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