Interannual and spatial impacts of phenological transitions, growing season length, and spring and autumn temperatures on carbon sequestration: A North America flux data synthesis

Wu, Chaoyang; Gonsamo, Alemu; Chen, Jing Ming; Kurz, Werner A.; Price, David T.; Lafleur, Peter M.; Jassal, Rachhpal S.; Dragoni, D.; Bohrer, Gil; Gough, Christopher M.; Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.; Munger, J. William

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.021

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…However, the fact that trends in LOS and GSI are of similar direction does not a priori cause a high correlation as it depends on the magnitude and statistical strengths of the individual trends. This pattern is in accordance with the general assumption that increasing LOS that is caused by pervasive warming in middle and high latitudes of the NH has led to increasing vegetation productivity, simply because more days are available for carbon assimilation and biomass accumulation [38,[40][41][42][62][63][64]. For example, Dragoni et al [65] showed that LOS in a temperate deciduous forest in Midwestern US extended at the rate of about three days/year during 1998-2008 (because of delayed autumn senescence) was accompanied by an increasing trend of annual net C uptake.…”

Section: Converging/diverging Trends and Correlations Between Los Andsupporting

confidence: 90%

Temporal Changes in Coupled Vegetation Phenology and Productivity are Biome-Specific in the Northern Hemisphere

Wang

Fensholt

2017

Remote Sensing

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Global warming has greatly stimulated vegetation growth through both extending the growing season and promoting photosynthesis in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Analyzing the combined dynamics of such trends can potentially improve our current understanding on changes in vegetation functioning and the complex relationship between anthropogenic and climatic drivers. This study aims to analyze the relationships (long-term trends and correlations) of length of vegetation growing season (LOS) and vegetation productivity assessed by the growing season NDVI integral (GSI) in the NH (>30 • N) to study any dependency of major biomes that are characterized by different imprint from anthropogenic influence. Spatial patterns of converging/diverging trends in LOS and GSI and temporal changes in the coupling between LOS and GSI are analyzed for major biomes at hemispheric and continental scales from the third generation Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset for a 32-year period . A quarter area of the NH is covered by converging trends (consistent significant trends in LOS and GSI), whereas diverging trends (opposing significant trends in LOS and GSI) cover about 6% of the region. Diverging trends are observed mainly in high latitudes and arid/semi-arid areas of non-forest biomes (shrublands, savannas, and grasslands), whereas forest biomes and croplands are primarily characterized by converging trends. The study shows spatially-distinct and biome-specific patterns between the continental land masses of Eurasia (EA) and North America (NA). Finally, areas of high positive correlation between LOS and GSI showed to increase during the period of analysis, with areas of significant positive trends in correlation being more widespread in NA as compared to EA. The temporal changes in the coupled vegetation phenology and productivity suggest complex relationships and interactions that are induced by both ongoing climate change and increasingly intensive human disturbances.

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Section: Converging/diverging Trends and Correlations Between Los Andsupporting

confidence: 90%

Temporal Changes in Coupled Vegetation Phenology and Productivity are Biome-Specific in the Northern Hemisphere

Wang

Fensholt

2017

Remote Sensing

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“…While the differential impacts of earlier green-up and later brown-down are still being quantified, for each one-day increase in growing season length, net ecosystem carbon uptake has been found to increase by 4.3 g· C· m −2 · day −1 across a range of temperate deciduous forests [46]. Assuming similar productivity per unit canopy cover and a 31 day phenologic change, the extended urban growing season could potentially increase net biogenic carbon sequestration in Boston (27% canopy cover) by as much as 0.36 mg· C· ha −1 · yr −1 , a 50% increase in net biogenic exchange.…”

Section: Enhanced Vegetation Index (Evi) Time Series and Phenology Timentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Atmospheric CO2 Mixing Ratios across a Boston, MA Urban to Rural Gradient

Briber

Hutyra

Dunn

et al. 2013

Land

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Urban areas are directly or indirectly responsible for the majority of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. In this study, we characterize observed atmospheric CO 2 mixing ratios and estimated CO 2 fluxes at three sites across an urban-to-rural gradient in Boston, MA, USA. CO 2 is a well-mixed greenhouse gas, but we found significant differences across this gradient in how, where, and when it was exchanged. Total anthropogenic emissions were estimated from an emissions inventory and ranged from 1.5 to 37.3 mg· C· ha −1 · yr −1 between rural Harvard Forest and urban Boston. Despite this large increase in anthropogenic emissions, the mean annual difference in atmospheric CO 2 between sites was approximately 5% (20.6 ± 0.4 ppm). The influence of vegetation was also visible across the gradient. Green-up occurred near day of year 126, 136, and 141 in Boston, Worcester and Harvard Forest, respectively, highlighting differences in growing season length. In Boston, gross primary production-estimated by scaling productivity by canopy cover-was ~75% lower than at Harvard Forest, yet still constituted a significant local flux of 3.8 mg· C· ha −1 · yr −1 . In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we must improve our understanding of the space-time variations and underlying drivers of urban carbon fluxes.

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“…Based on the MODIS NDVI data (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) and meteorological data, Yang et al (2015) found that the LOS extended 0.3 d/a and the NPP increased 1.494gCꞏm −2 ꞏa -1 significantly in the Tibet Plateau. Using 187 site-years of flux data, Wu et al (2012) analyzed spatial and interannual relationships between phenological metrics and annual net ecosystem production (NEP) of three plant functional types in North America, the result suggested that longer LOS can contribute to the increase in annual carbon sequestration and an extra day of LOS would enhance NEP by 3.5gCꞏm −2 ꞏa −1 , 6.8gCꞏm −2 ꞏa −1 , and 18.4gCꞏm for evergreen forests, deciduous forests and non-forest ecosystems respectively. In the boreal and arctic regions, Park et al (2016) evaluated the effect of phenological changes on gross primary productivity (GPP) based on GIMMS NDVI3g datasets and pointed out that 42% of vegetation got a 20.9% gain in productivity due to the greening trend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Net Primary Productivity and Its Response to Phenology in Northeast China During 2000–2015

Qiu

Zhang

Fan

2018

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and phenological changes is of great significance to the study of regional ecosystem processes. In this study, firstly, NPP was estimated with the remote sensing model based on the SPOT-VGT NDVI dataset (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), meteorological data and the vegetation map in Northeast China. Then, using NDVI time series data which was reconstructed by polynomial fitting, phenology was extracted with the dynamic threshold method. Finally, the relationship between NPP and phenology was analyzed. The results showed that NPP mainly increased in the cropland, grassland, forestland and shrubland; however, vegetation NPP decreased in the ecotone among cropland, grassland and forestland. Correlation analysis suggested that the relationships between NPP and phenological metrics (i.e., the start of the growing season (SOS), the end of the growing season (EOS), the length of the growing season (LOS)) were different due to geographical location. On the whole, there was a positive correlation between NPP and the LOS in the forestland, and negative in the cropland and grassland, indicating that extended LOS can promote the accumulation of forestland NPP. By analyzing the monthly NDVI data during the vigorous growth period, the increase of NPP in the grassland and cropland was mainly due to the better growth from June to August, and shortened LOS did not lead to reduce the NPP. Generally, the response of NPP to phenology in Northeast China were more complex, showing obvious difference of vegetation types and spatial variability, we need to consider topography, community structure and other factors in the further studies.

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Interannual and spatial impacts of phenological transitions, growing season length, and spring and autumn temperatures on carbon sequestration: A North America flux data synthesis

Cited by 73 publications

References 65 publications

Temporal Changes in Coupled Vegetation Phenology and Productivity are Biome-Specific in the Northern Hemisphere

Temporal Changes in Coupled Vegetation Phenology and Productivity are Biome-Specific in the Northern Hemisphere

Variations in Atmospheric CO2 Mixing Ratios across a Boston, MA Urban to Rural Gradient

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Net Primary Productivity and Its Response to Phenology in Northeast China During 2000–2015

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