Interactive relationship between non-farm employment and mechanization service expenditure in rural China

Zheng, Hongyun; Ma, Wanglin; Guo, Yanzhi; Zhou, Xiaoshi

doi:10.1108/caer-10-2020-0251

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The rapid development of agricultural socialized services has given farmers access to lower-cost and higher-level services. By outsourcing services, farmers gain access to the superior resources of service organizations [46], reduce agricultural production costs and weak labor constraints [47,48], and can therefore promote cultivated land quality conservation with optimal allocation. In terms of service provision, agricultural socialized services share the risk of investment in technology or equipment and improve resource utilization by integrating the needs of dispersed farmers, who have the opportunity to obtain better service with lower input [49].…”

Section: Capital Replaces Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Ability of Agricultural Socialized Services to Promote the Protection of Cultivated Land among Farmers

Cheng

Gao

Qiu

2022

Land

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Protecting and improving the quality of cultivated land is important to agricultural modernization. Based on data from a survey of 706 rice-growing households in Hunan, Jiangxi and Jiangsu, this paper uses the Probit model, CMP method and Biprobit model to systematically analyze the impact of agricultural socialized services on farmers’ cultivated land quality protection behaviors. This study finds that agricultural socialized services have a significantly positive impact on the adoption of soil testing formulas and straw returning technology among farmers, which can improve both the probability and the degree of cultivated land quality protection. The heterogeneity test results suggest that agricultural socialized services provide a higher incentive for the older generation of farmers to adopt arable land quality protection. In addition, we found that agricultural socialized services are more conducive to the protection of contracted land than transferred land. Therefore, we recommend that policies on agricultural socialized services be further implemented, the supply of agricultural socialized services be optimized, and the role of service organizations in publicizing and promoting cultivated land protection techniques be brought into play. We also posit that the simultaneous encouragement of farmers in using agricultural socialized services would protect the quality of cultivated land. During this process, additional attention should be paid to the response differentiation of peasants with different characteristics.

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Section: Capital Replaces Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Ability of Agricultural Socialized Services to Promote the Protection of Cultivated Land among Farmers

Cheng

Gao

Qiu

2022

Land

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“…Core independent variables: (1) Livestock sales scale, or the number of livestock sold by herders in the current year, in sheep units; (2) non-pastoral employment (NPE), including local non-pastoral work and rural-to-urban migration, and measured by a binary variable that was 1 if any household member was employed in any non-pastoral work, and 0 otherwise. Furthermore, the ratio of the NPE time-of-household labor against the whole year was measured to identify the substitution effect of NPE, since it could more accurately characterize the degree of NPE, and could solve the estimation bias caused by the inconsistency of the time span of NPE [37,38]. The ratio of NPE income to the total household income was used to measure the wealth effect, representing the non-pastoral employability of herders.…”

Section: Variable Definitions and Descriptive Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sales Scale, Non-Pastoral Employment and Herders’ Technology Adoption: Evidence from Pastoral China

Huang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

Land

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The adoption of livestock husbandry technologies has been an important factor affecting the welfare of herders and the efficiency of grazing-based livestock production and grassland protection in China’s pastoral areas. The small-scale herder is the main body of grassland-based grazing husbandry, and so technology adoption is particularly important, though it is currently scarce. To identify the factors influencing technology adoption behavior by Chinese herders, especially its effect on the scale of livestock sales and non-pastoral employment (NPE), we conducted a survey in the Gansu and Qinghai provinces of China with a sample of 296 herder households. The results show that the scale of livestock sale promotes the adoption of technology, while non-pastoral employment has a generally negative effect. In detail, the substitution effect of NPE is positive, but the wealth effect is negative. In addition, NPE and its wealth effect have moderating effects that can enhance the effect of the sales scale on the adoption of herders’ technology. After distinguishing the technologies into profit-seeking technology and pro-environmental technology, we found that NPE and its substitution effect have a significant influence on pro-environmental technology, while the wealth effect has a significant impact on both profit-seeking and pro-environmental technology. Environmental awareness and altruism also have significant positive impacts on pro-environmental technology. These findings are relevant to policy implications dealing with technology adoption in pastoral areas.

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“…Ranis-Fei has also suggested that low labor productivity severely reduces the likelihood of labor migration. Land transfer can concentrate land resources to those who are willing to farm or are capable of farming [ 61 , 62 ], improve the utilization rate of agricultural machinery through continuous scale operation, better apply new technology in the production process, improve agricultural labor productivity and release the surplus labor force in the countryside [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Fourth, land transfer promotes the rural labor transfer by weakening the land safeguard function [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Impact of Rural Land Transfer on Non-Farm Employment of Farm Households: Evidence from Hubei Province, China

Chen

Peng

Zhang

2022

IJERPH

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Agricultural scale operations and industrialization promote the transfer of the rural labor force to the industry sector, and the non-farm employment of farmers plays a great role in increasing their income and reducing poverty. It is of great significance to explore the non-farm employment of farmers for the governance of relative poverty and the achievement of common prosperity. The propensity score matching (PSM) and generalized propensity score matching (GPSM) were used to analyze the impact of rural land transfer on farm households’ non-farm employment. According to the PSM estimation, compared to the farmers’ land not transferred, the rural land transfer significantly increased the proportion of non-farm employment personnel in farm households and the months of per year non-farm employment per person. The total land transfer, paddy land transfer and dry land transfer could significantly increase the proportion of non-farm employment personnel in farm households by 0.074, 0.029 and 0.085 units, respectively, and could significantly increase the months of per year non-farm employment per person by 0.604, 0.394 and 0.617 units, respectively. According to the GPSM estimation, different types of rural land transfer areas have significant positive effects on the proportion of non-farm workers and the months of per year non-farm employment per person, and show an obvious increasing trend of returns to scale, that is, the proportion of non-farm workers and the months of per year non-farm employment per person of farmers are higher than the increase in rural land transfer area. Additionally, the return to scale effect of dry land transfer area is more obvious. In order to raise the income of farm households and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, the land transfer system can be further improved, urbanization with the county town as an important carrier can be vigorously promoted, the participation of farm households in non-farm employment in the local area can be promoted and the support policy system for non-farm employment of rural labor force can be improved.

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Interactive relationship between non-farm employment and mechanization service expenditure in rural China

Cited by 41 publications

References 56 publications

Assessing the Ability of Agricultural Socialized Services to Promote the Protection of Cultivated Land among Farmers

Assessing the Ability of Agricultural Socialized Services to Promote the Protection of Cultivated Land among Farmers

Sales Scale, Non-Pastoral Employment and Herders’ Technology Adoption: Evidence from Pastoral China

Research on the Impact of Rural Land Transfer on Non-Farm Employment of Farm Households: Evidence from Hubei Province, China

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