“…x i,j ∈ {0, 1}, i, j ∈ A (8) In this formulation, the objective is to minimize the total cost of transportation and c i,j represents cost of arc {i,j}. Formulas ( 2)- (3) show that each customer can be served only once and constraints (4)- (5) requires that each vehicle should start from the deport and end at the deport. Formula(6) states the update process of service amount of the vehicle, where u i represents accumulated service amount of the vehicle after it served customer i and q j indicates the demand of customer j.…”