Interactive long-term simulation for power system restoration planning

Robust Distributed Coordination of Parallel Restored Subsystems in Wind Power Penetrated Transmission System

“…In parallel restoration strategies, the large-scale transmission system restoration process needs to coordinate a number of subsystems during the build-up process. This is essential, since in the early stages of restoration, the blackout area is divided into several sectionalized subsystems to achieve their parallel power system restoration (PPSR) [3]- [5]. Thus, at the end of the PPSR stage, several parallel restored subsystems exist.…”

“…With high availability of distributed (RESs) resources with black-start capability, such as wind turbines [6] and micro-grids [7], the number of potential individual subsystems also increases. These separate energized subsystems need to be reconnected in the last restoration stage to rebuild the bulk system [1], [3]. Restoration conditions within the various subsystems differ according to their individual generator ramping capability, RES types and penetration and load recovery conditions.…”

Smart grid communication concept for frequency control in distribution system

“…By considering all these parameters, the power system can operate without any problem that might give an impact to the consumer and utility. In traditional power system, generators have been used to balance out the frequency between power generation and load, and many techniques have been introduced [1][2][3][4][5]. We can define this type of system as "generation-balancing control" method.…”

Primary Restoration Path Selection Considering Ferranti Effect and Reactive Power Capability of Black-start Generators

“…Although restoration strategies are slightly different in each country as restoration methods are dependent on faults, voltage levels, structures of transmission grid, and equipment of its own power system, it is clear that during the first stage of restoration, Black-Start Generators (BSGs) that are usually hydro type in Korea, should supply cranking power to Primary Supplied Generators (PSGs) having big capacity through so called primary restorative transmission lines in case of wide area blackout [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”