Raman spectra of (Mn, Co)-codoped ZnO films were investigated as functions of laser line and temperature. It is shown that the Raman shifts for different phonon modes exhibit redshift with temperature increasing, which can be attributed to the anharmonic effect in the material. Strong resonant Raman spectra of multi-LO phonons were observed as well for the films with the exciting photon energy higher than the direct band gap. Compared with the Raman spectra for ZnO films, the Mn, Co codoping effect on the spectra is revealed by the presence of additional phonon modes at 275 and 642cm−1 and another intensive phonon mode at around 524cm−1. With postannealing, Raman intensity of these phonon modes decrease, owing to the incorporation of oxygen into the films. Origins of the different phonon modes in the spectra are discussed as well.

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A linear supramolecular architecture was successfully constructed by the inclusion complexation of α-cyclodextrin with azobenzene and the host-stabilized charge-transfer interaction of naphthalene and a bispyridinium guest with cucurbit[8]uril in water, which was comprehensively characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic laser scattering, and microscopic observations. Significantly, because it benefits from the photoinduced isomerization of the azophenyl group and the chemical reduction of bispyridinium moiety with noncovalent connections, the assembly/disassembly process of this supramolecular nanostructure can be efficiently modulated by external stimuli, including temperature, UV and visible-light irradiation, and chemical redox.

An efficient load recovery of a bulk system with wind power penetration requires careful consideration of uncertainties related to it, as well as on-line data gathered from measurement devices. From the perspective of uncertainties, a novel utility-based decision-making method is proposed in this paper. The method combines both risk and return of load restoration strategy to assist decision-making in uncertain states, and it also provides utility function to present preference of load restoration strategy. Furthermore, a utility-oriented optimization model is created to select the strategy with the largest utility value with a certain confidence level. To achieve efficient utilization of on-line data, as well as to ensure high computation efficiency, the utilityoriented optimization is transformed into a scenario-based linear programming model. The proposed method fills the gap between on-line data and the optimal load restoration strategy in uncertain condition. Besides, the optimal strategy is provided with adjustable robustness according to security requirements and data exactness. Therefore, it is particularly applicable for on-line load restoration with wind power penetration. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using IEEE-30 bus test system and an actual power system from the North-East of Shandong province, China.Index Terms-conditional value-at-risk, power system restoration, uncertain decision, wind uncertainty.