Interactive effects of water stress, container size and fertilizer on survival, gas exchange and morphological traits of Quillaja saponaria seedlings

Espinoza, Sergio; Santelices, Rómulo; Cabrera, Antonio; Diaz, C.Jimenez

doi:10.4067/s0717-92002017000200018

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The species dominance may increase AGBP because some particular tree species, such as C. alba and P. boldus (evergreen sclerophyllous) increased the CWM of H and the CWM of LLS (all these variables were correlated) favoring the accumulation of greater vegetation quantity and longer periods intercepting light and assimilating carbon in the canopy of the matorral (Ehleringer and Mooney 1977;Rundel 1982). In contrast, deciduous malacophyllous have a smaller plant height and shorter period of growth, which might reduce AGBP (Mooney 1977;Montenegro 1982).…”

Section: Vegetation Quantity and Conservative Species Drive Agbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass and dominance of conservative species drive above-ground biomass productivity in a mediterranean-type forest of Chile

Ayma-Romay

Bown

2019

For. Ecosyst.

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Background: Forest productivity has a pivotal role in human well-being. Vegetation quantity, niche complementarity, mass-ratio, and soil resources are alternative/complementary ecological mechanisms driving productivity. One challenge in current forest management depends on identifying and manipulating these mechanisms to enhance productivity. This study assessed the extent to which these mechanisms control aboveground biomass productivity (AGBP) of a Chilean mediterranean-type matorral. AGBP measured as tree aboveground biomass changes over a 7-years period, was estimated for twelve 25 m × 25 m plots across a wide range of matorral compositions and structures. Variables related to canopy structure, species and functional diversity, species and functional dominance, soil texture, soil water and soil nitrogen content were measured as surrogates of the four mechanisms proposed. Linear regression models were used to test the hypotheses. A multimodel inference based on the Akaike's information criterion was used to select the best models explaining AGBP and for identifying the relative importance of each mechanism. Results: Vegetation quantity (tree density) and mass-ratio (relative biomass of Cryptocarya alba, a conservative species) were the strongest drivers increasing AGBP, while niche complementarity (richness species) and soil resources (sand, %) had a smaller effect either decreasing or increasing AGBP, respectively. This study provides the first assessment of alternative mechanisms driving AGBP in mediterranean forests of Chile. There is strong evidence suggesting that the vegetation quantity and mass-ratio mechanisms are key drivers of AGBP, such as in other tropical and temperate forests. However, in contrast with other studies from mediterranean-type forests, our results show a negative effect of species diversity and a small effect of soil resources on AGBP. Conclusion: AGBP in the Chilean matorral depends mainly on the vegetation quantity and mass-ratio mechanisms. The findings of this study have implications for matorral restoration and management for the production of timber and non-timber products and carbon sequestration.

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Section: Vegetation Quantity and Conservative Species Drive Agbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass and dominance of conservative species drive above-ground biomass productivity in a mediterranean-type forest of Chile

Ayma-Romay

Bown

2019

For. Ecosyst.

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“…The polymer interferes with gas exchange in young plants, as observed in E. dunni (Felippe et al, 2019). These authors observed greater net assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants when the polymer was not used, and the main factor that reduced photosynthesis was water deficit, as also observed in Quillaja saponária Mol., where water stress reduced gas exchange (Espinoza, Santelices, Cabrera, & Magni, 2017).…”

Section: Effects Of Water Salinity and Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology in Talisia esculenta seedlings under irrigation with saline water on substrate with hydrogel

Bezerra

Nascimento

et al. 2022

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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Salinity interferes in the physiology of seedlings from germination and seedling emergence, so it is necessary to adopt measures to mitigate its effects. The objectives of this research were to evaluate irrigation frequency, saline water, polymer, and container volume in the emergence and physiology of Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. The treatments were obtained from the combination of polymer doses (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0; and 1.2 g dm-3), electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.3; 1, 1; 2.7; 4.3; and 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments to assess the volume of the container. A randomized block design was used. Emergence and leaf indices of chlorophyll, fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed 100 days after sowing. The increase in electrical conductivity reduced and delayed seedling emergence. Decreasing irrigation frequency reduced the chlorophyll b index, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net CO2 assimilation, and carboxylation efficiency. The magnitude of the effects of electrical conductivity of water and polymer were associated with the frequency of irrigation. However, both salinity and polymer reduced practically all physiological variables. The reduction in container volume also affected the physiology of the seedlings, with more effects when irrigated on alternate days. The T. esculenta seedlings are considered sensitive to salinity, should be irrigated daily with water with less electrical conductivity than 1.0 dS m-1, as well as higher capacity containers used (0.75 vs 1.30 dm3).

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“…In general, larger containers provide more water per gram of plant, and this holds especially for the Maule provenance cultivated in larger containers. In a nursery study with Q. saponaria, Espinoza et al (2017) reported a superior morphological and physiological performance for seedlings cultivated in large containers (280 mL). Similarly, Tsakaldimi et al (2005) in a nursery experiment with Q. ilex and Quercus coccifera L. found that seedlings exhibited superior diameter and root biomass when cultivated in the rigid containers of higher volume.…”

Section: Growth and Biomass At Nursery Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the root system size is proportional to the container dimensions (Aphalo & Rikala 2003), seedlings cultivated in deep containers result in higher outplanting survival than seedlings cultivated in shallow containers in Mediterranean sites, the formers developing a large root system that quickly reaches moisture in deep soil horizons (Gibbens & Lenz 2001, Chirino et al 2008. In a nursery experiment applying water restriction, Espinoza et al (2017) found that survival, growth, and biomass of water-stressed Q. saponaria were higher in seedlings cultivated in large containers than in small ones (280 mL of volume). Ovalle et al (2016aOvalle et al ( , 2016b found a high outplanting survival (80 to 100%) for Q. saponaria seedlings that were cultivated in 400 mL containers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outplanting performance of three provenances of Quillaja saponaria Mol. established in a Mediterranean drought-prone site and grown in different container size

Espinoza¹,

Yáñez²,

Diaz³

et al. 2020

iForest

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In degraded environments with restricted seed availability, like those burned by wildfires in central Chile during 2017, the use of plant material from outside its area of origin for restoration purposes needs to be accurately investigated. We assessed the early development of three Chilean provenances of Quillaja saponaria grown in different container sizes (140 vs. 280 mL) in the nursery and then outplanted in a common field trial at a site severely affected by fire under Mediterranean-type climate. We analyzed growth, biomass, and leaf-level physiological traits. In the nursery, there was a significant provenance by container type interaction for the biomass traits (P < 0.05). Seedlings from the Maule provenance cultivated in larger containers had the highest biomass, while the lowest biomass was observed for the Metropolitan provenance cultivated in small containers. Two years after outplanting, the provenance by container size interaction was significant for stomatal conductance and chlorophyll density. Seedlings from the Metropolitan provenance cultivated in larger containers exhibited a higher stomatal conductance, while those from the Maule provenance cultivated in small containers exhibited the highest chlorophyll density. Seedling height showed significant variation for provenance and container size. The tallest seedlings were those grown in larger containers from the Maule provenance; however, no differences in survival and height increment were found. Gas exchange parameters differed among provenances, the Metropolitan provenance had a low performance and the opposite was found for the Biobío and Maule provenances. This study demonstrated that different provenances of Q. saponaria have stable performances in a Mediterranean site, which support their use for restoration purposes outside their home area with no detrimental effects on outplanting performance.

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Interactive effects of water stress, container size and fertilizer on survival, gas exchange and morphological traits of Quillaja saponaria seedlings

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Biomass and dominance of conservative species drive above-ground biomass productivity in a mediterranean-type forest of Chile

Biomass and dominance of conservative species drive above-ground biomass productivity in a mediterranean-type forest of Chile

Physiology in Talisia esculenta seedlings under irrigation with saline water on substrate with hydrogel

Outplanting performance of three provenances of Quillaja saponaria Mol. established in a Mediterranean drought-prone site and grown in different container size

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