Interactive Effects of Dietary Calcium, Phosphorus and Copper on Performance and Liver Stores of Pigs

Prince, TJ; Vw, Hays; Gl, Cromwell

doi:10.2527/jas1984.582356x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The growth rate response to high levels of dietary Cu in the form of CuSO 4 is well documented in the literature (Bunch et al, 1961(Bunch et al, , 1963Braude, 1967Braude, , 1975Wallace, 1967;Kline et al, 1971Kline et al, , 1973Cromwell et al, 1978;Prince et al, 1979Prince et al, , 1984Stahly et al, 1980;de Lima et al, 1981;Roof and Mahan, 1982;Edmonds et al, 1985;Hagen et al, 1987;Burnell et al, 1988). In our current study, the dietary inclusion of 250 ppm level of Cu (as CuSO4) improved growth rate 24 to 39% and improved efficiency of feed utilization 11 to 21%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The magnitude of the improvement in growth rate and feed:gain ratio was diminished when Cu (as CuSO4) was increased to 375 ppm and was completely lost when the diet was increased to 500 ppm Cu. Longer-term studies with growing-finishing pigs have shown that the feeding of 500 ppm Cu as CuSO4 depressed performance in pigs (Kline et al, 1971(Kline et al, , 1973Prince et al, 1984), and in certain instances, toxicities have been reported (Wallace et al, 1960;NRC, 1980). However, our results indicate that with young pigs fed for a 4-to 5-wk period, 500 ppm Cu does not depress growth rate compared with pigs fed a low-Cu control diet, although it did reduce efficiency of feed utilization in some instances (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Source and Level of Copper on Performance and Liver Copper Stores in Weanling Pigs

Cromwell

Stahly

Monegue

1989

Journal of Animal Science

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143

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Five 28- to 33-d experiments involving 460 crossbred pigs weaned at 28 +/- 2 d of age (initial weight, 6.7 to 8.1 kg) were conducted to determine the effects of feeding high dietary levels of Cu sulfate (CuSO4) or Cu oxide (CuO) on rate and efficiency of gain and liver Cu stores of weanling pigs. The pigs were housed in groups of five to six/pen and fed a fortified, unmedicated, corn-soybean meal-dried whey basal diet (1.1% lysine, 30 ppm Cu). In Exp. 1 and 2, pigs (eight replicates) were fed the basal or the basal plus 125 or 250 ppm Cu from CuSO4 or CuO for 28 d. In Exp. 3 and 4, four replications were fed the same diets as in Exp. 1 and 2 plus two additional diets (500 ppm Cu from CuSO4 or CuO). In Exp. 5, dietary levels of 0, 125, 250, 375 or 500 ppm Cu from CuSO4 were evaluated using four replications. At the end of each experiment, the liver from one pig in each pen was collected for Cu analysis. Overall, rate and efficiency of gain were improved (P less than .01) by feeding 125 or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4, with the 125 ppm dietary level being about 75% as effective in stimulating growth as 250 ppm. Performance of pigs was not different from controls when the highest (500 ppm) level of Cu (from CuSO4) was fed. Liver Cu increased 10- to 70-fold when 250 to 550 ppm Cu from CuSO4 was included in the feed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Source and Level of Copper on Performance and Liver Copper Stores in Weanling Pigs

Cromwell

Stahly

Monegue

1989

Journal of Animal Science

Self Cite

143

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“…Feeding heifers 0.39% P also increased (P < 0.01) bone Cu content compared with feeding heifers 0.29% P. Bovine bone contains approximately 10 μg of copper per g (Doyle, 1979) on an ash basis and copper plays an important role in collagen maturation linked to its function as a cofactor in lysyl oxidase (Turnlund, 2006). Increasing dietary P from nonphytin sources can adversely affect Cu bioavailability by increasing Cu excretion (Rama Rao et al, 2003), but that does not explain lower bone Cu content observed in this study when heifers were fed diets containing 0.29% P compared with feeding heifers 0.39% P. Prince et al (1984) reported increased levels of liver Cu when pigs were fed high levels of dietary P (>1.00) but could not discount potential Cu contamination in P supplements used to alter dietary P. Likewise, in this study the need for intensive measurement of dietary Cu was not foreseen and thus not undertaken; therefore, dietary influences in regard to differences in bone Cu content observed in this study cannot be dismissed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The effect of dietary phosphorus on bone development in dairy heifers

Esser

Hoffman

Coblentz

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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Phosphorus requirements, as percent of dietary dry matter for heifers (0.20-0.35%) and endogenous levels of P in feeds (0.20-0.35% of dry matter) are similar, suggesting that supplementation of P in heifer diets may be infrequently required. Because long-term studies are unavailable, 183 Holstein heifers and 182 Holstein x Jersey crossbred heifers were fed diets with (0.39%) and without (0.29%) supplemental P from 4 to 21 mo of age in a replicated pen design. Two subpopulations of heifers were selected mid-trial for intensive measurement of bone development and metabolism. Thirty-two heifers at 628 d (+/-10.0 d) of age, balanced by breed and diet, were evaluated for bone development. External frame measurements included hip height, length, heart girth, hip width, cannon bone circumference, pelvic length, pelvic height, and pelvic width. Tails of heifers were surgically amputated with the 13 and 14th coccygeal vertebrae retained. After tissue removal, the 13th coccygeal vertebrae were scanned using peripheral quantitative computed tomography with cortical, trabecular, and total bone densities determined. A second subpopulation (n = 64) of heifers (375 d +/- 33 d), balanced for breed and diet, were evaluated for serum pyridinoline and osteocalcin to assess systemic bone metabolism. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with breed, treatment, and their interaction in the model. External skeletal measurements revealed significant differences in hip height, hip width, heart girth, cannon bone circumference, and pelvic length between Holstein and crossbred heifers. Supplementing P had no effect on external frame measurements, bone density, or bone metabolism markers. Bone P content was lower (18.1 vs. 18.6%) in heifers fed no supplemental P. Data suggest P supplementation to heifers modestly increased bone P content but increased bone P was not reflected in frame growth, bone density, or bone metabolism.

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“…The total Ca:P ratio in feeds containing soybean bran can vary from 1:1 to 1.25:1 (NRC, 1998). The ratio can be less critical if excess phosphorus occurs (Prince et al, 1984, Hall et al, 1991. However, excess calcium in the diets reduces organic phosphorus bioavailability (Jongbloed et al, 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytase enzyme in diets containing defatted rice bran for growing swine

Moreira

Vitti

Neto

et al. 2003

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Organic phosphorus is poorly utilized by monogastric animals because they lack phytase, the enzyme that cleaves the ortho-phosphate groups from the phytate molecule. Diets fed to pigs are supplemented with inorganic P, and this can increase environmental pollution and diet costs. Sixty mixed sex, half-breed pigs, were used to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary levels of phytase (253, 759, 1265 and 1748 PU kg -1 feed) on animal performance as compared to a control without phytase but supplemented with dicalcium phosphate. Enzyme levels did not affect daily feed intake, food conversion, average daily weight gain, plasma P and Ca, calcium and phosphorus in bone ash, and the calcium/phosphorus ratio in the plasma and bones. A quadratic relationship between phytase levels and the percentages of P and Ca in bone ash was observed, reaching a maximum at the 880 and 879 PU levels, respectively. Animals fed diets containing phytase presented low plasma P values when compared to the control, but no effects were observed for the regression analysis. Using 759 PU phytase in rations containing corn, soybean bran and defatted rice bran for growing pigs can eliminate the use of traditional sources of P. ENZIMA FITASE EM DIETAS COM FARELO DE ARROZ DESENGORDURADO PARA SUÍNOS EM CRESCIMENTORESUMO: Os animais monogástricos não aproveitam eficientemente o P orgânico das dietas, pois não sintetizam a enzima fitase, sendo necessária a suplementação das rações com P inorgânico, podendo elevar o custo das dietas e a poluição ambiental. Foram utilizados 60 leitões mestiços (machos castrados e fêmeas) para avaliar a eficácia dos níveis dietéticos crescentes da enzima fitase (253, 759, 1265 e 1748 UF kg -1 de ração) sobre os parâmetros de desempenho e comparar com o tratamento testemunha que diferia dos demais por não conter fitase e por conter fosfato bicálcico. Os níveis da enzima fitase não afetaram o consumo diário de ração, conversão alimentar, ganho diário de peso, P e Ca no plasma, cinzas no osso e relação cálcio e fósforo no plasma e osso. Observou-se relação quadrática entre os níveis dietéticos de fitase e a porcentagem de P e Ca nas cinzas ósseas, com ponto de maximo no nível de 880 e 879 UF respectivamente. As dietas com fitase propiciaram valores inferiores para o fósforo no plasma quando comparados com o tratamento testemunha, mas não apresentaram efeitos para análise de regressão. A utilização de 759 UF em rações à base de milho, farelo de soja e farelo de arroz desengordurado para suínos na fase de crescimento permite a eliminação das fontes tradicionais de P. Palavras-chave: poluição ambiental, nutrição, desempenho, fósforo, fitato

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Interactive Effects of Dietary Calcium, Phosphorus and Copper on Performance and Liver Stores of Pigs

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Source and Level of Copper on Performance and Liver Copper Stores in Weanling Pigs

Effects of Source and Level of Copper on Performance and Liver Copper Stores in Weanling Pigs

The effect of dietary phosphorus on bone development in dairy heifers

Phytase enzyme in diets containing defatted rice bran for growing swine

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