Interactive deciphering electron-shuttling characteristics of Coffea arabica leaves and potential bioenergy-steered anti-SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitor via microbial fuel cells

Interactive network pharmacology and electrochemical analysis reveals electron transport-mediating characteristics of Chinese medicine formula Jing Guan Fang

“…Meaning, the presence of these ES-like flavonoids, of which are abundant in JGF and can serve as ESs, can increase their electrochemical activity which can be directly measured using electrochemical analysis. Therefore, the stronger the reversible redox characteristics of the herb, potentially, the stronger their anti-COVID-19 activities as also suggested in [57] .…”

Deciphering Houttuynia cordata extract as electron shuttles with anti-COVID-19 activity and its performance in microbial fuel cells

“…(e.g., aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) had significant MFC amplification factor and expressed antiviral effects on Flaviviridae viruses causing Dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Hepatitis C [22] . Notably, a potential candidate for anti-COVID-19 treatment from Coffea arabica , which also satisfied the twofold MFC amplification factor, was found to be chlorogenic acid in molecular simulations [23] . The study revealed chlorogenic acid to have greater binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp than remdesivir, resulting in stronger ligand-protein binding that terminates its viral transcription mechanisms.…”

“… [21] emphasized that neurological processes involve numerous redox processes comprising neurotransmitters (e.g., epinephrine and dopamine) which owns a structural moiety aiding effective electron-shuttling efficiency and considerably increasing bioelectricity-generating performance in MFCs. Due to the COVID-19 pandemics, recent studies pointed out that the electron-shuttling characteristics of chemical species in TCMs as RMs were associated with an effective antiviral activity following the “twofold index” of its amplification factor on power-generation in MFCs [ 22 , 23 ]. In fact, major compounds in Rheum palmatum L.…”