Interactions of core cross-linked poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(2-oxazine) micelles with immune cells in human blood

Nitrile-Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s as a Versatile Platform for the Development of Polymer Therapeutics

“…DLS measurements confirmed the formation of well-defined aggregates (PDI = 0.12 ± 0.01) with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 56 ± 0.35 nm (Table S6, Figure S11). This commonly observed discrepancy between the measurements can be explained by the highly hydrated state of the aggregates in the DLS measurements . Nonetheless, CUR-loaded nanostructures in a size range relevant for further drug delivery applications were obtained.…”

“…This commonly observed discrepancy between the measurements can be explained by the highly hydrated state of the aggregates in the DLS measurements. 21 Nonetheless, CUR-loaded nanostructures in a size range relevant for further drug delivery applications were obtained. Not only the ability to encapsulate a drug but also an efficient drug release is important to serve as an efficient drug delivery system.…”

“…One polymerization technique with the potential to produce low-fouling materials and potentially a high tolerance to nitrile groups is the cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-oxazolines . In the last several decades, the water-soluble poly­(2-oxazoline)­s (POx), specifically poly­(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) and poly­(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx), have gained attention because of their low fouling properties and exceptionally high biocompatibility. − In addition, the development of POx bearing other side chains has significantly evolved. − The length of the alkyl side chain of poly­(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)­s has been shown to drastically impact the hydrophilicity of POx, leading to thermoresponsiveness (e.g., lower critical solution temperature (LCST) for C2 and C3 side chains) or water-insoluble polymers (for >C3 side chains). − This versatility in combination with the living character of the CROP provides access to tailored copolymers. Amphiphilic POx block copolymers have received considerable attention because of their ability to form nanostructures in aqueous solution, which efficiently encapsulate hydrophobic drugs such as curcumin (CUR). , Furthermore, the introduction of more sophisticated functional groups, such as alkenes, alkynes, amines, or carboxylic acids, has enabled further tailoring of the polymer properties and stimuli-responsiveness by PPMs. , To date, no attempts to introduce nitrile groups into POx side chains have been reported to the best of our knowledge.…”

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: a comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties—an update

“…10 years after the first discovery of 'living' ionic (anionic) polymerization by Szwarc, 1 thermally induced cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-substituted-2-oxazoline monomer was reported by four independent research groups. [2][3][4][5] The resulting poly(2-alkyl/aryl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOxs) are also regarded as pseudopeptides 6,7 due to their structural similarities to poly(amino acid)s. PAOxs receive considerable ongoing research interest, especially in the biomedical field, [8][9][10][11] because of their biocompatibility, 12,13 stealth characteristics, [14][15][16][17][18][19] structural versatility, 20,21 tailor-made properties, [22][23][24] unique selfassembly behaviour, [25][26][27][28] tunable thermal as well as crystalline properties 29 and interesting solution behaviour. 30,31 However, after the discovery of PAOx in 1966, the field bloomed in the 1970s and 1980s, but it became rather silent in the 1990s because of the complex polymerization procedure with extremely low polymerization rate that requires heating/refluxing the reaction mixture for several hours to days and limited application possibilities.…”

Tuning the Thermogelation and Rheology of Poly(2-Oxazoline)/Poly(2-Oxazine)s Based Thermosensitive Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting

“…A plethora of studies show the utilization of pMeOx and pEtOx as hydrophilic polymer for the development of hydrogels [ 28 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], electrospun fibres [ 50 ], polymer brushes [ 51 ], nanoparticles [ 52 ], micelles for drug delivery [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ] and for melt electrowriting [ 58 , 59 ]. Bloksma et al also investigated the thermoresponsive behaviour of few POzi based homopolymers [ 22 ].…”