Interactions of Atlantic salmon in the Pacific Northwest

Nash, Colin E.; Waknitz, F. William

doi:10.1016/s0165-7836(03)00063-8

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The highest levels of contamination are in the near-bottom water and upper sediment layers that are in close proximity to the net-pens. Types of contaminants include high levels of precipitated or remobilized heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn); undesirable chemicals such as sulfuric acid and ammonia; algal blooms; and shellfish, fish, and human pathogens (Beveridge, 1996;Belias et al, 2003;Nash, 2003). Near to total anoxic conditions generate azoic sediment conditions.…”

Section: Negative Effects Associated With Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities

Bert¹

2007

Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries

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For over a century, aquaculture of Pacific salmon has been used to provide increased harvest opportunities and to mitigate reductions in natural populations due to factors such as habitat destruction, overharvest, and blockage of migratory routes. More recently, attention has focused on the potential of hatchery propagation to reduce risks to and speed recovery of depleted natural populations. A large number of these ''supplementation'' programs have already been initiated and many more are planned, in spite of the fact that there is almost no empirical information on their long-term effects. Here we present preliminary results of a survey of 22 salmon supplementation programs in northwestern North America. Rather than using a single measure of ''success,'' we evaluated programs according to how well they have accomplished a series of specific objectives. Some major conclusions emerge from the review: (1) many supplementation programs have achieved a measure of success in the aspects of fish culture traditionally associated with salmon hatcheries (e.g., high egg-to-smolt survival; adult-to-adult replacement rates in excess of 1.0); (2) to date, however, little information is available about the performance of hatchery fish and their progeny in the natural environment. Therefore, the premise that hatchery supplementation can provide a net long-term benefit to a natural population is a hypothesis that has not yet been tested. This fact should be kept in mind in evaluating the appropriate use of supplementation programs.

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Section: Negative Effects Associated With Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities

Bert¹

2007

Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries

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“…The disinfecting chemicals such as malachite green, formalin, copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, chloramines, chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compounds. Irrespective of disinfecting role, these chemicals are subsequently released to the aquatic environment and may have impacts on other aquatic organisms and their habitat (Boyd and Massut 1999;Nash 2003;Erondu and Anyanwu 2005). Therefore, to modify the undesired impacts of disinfecting chemicals on fish and aquatic environment, the doses of these chemicals should be optimized at the time of usage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and bacterial study of Persian sturgeon fry, Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897) exposed to copper sulfate and potassium permanganate

Moshtaghi

Khara

Pazhan³

et al. 2014

J Parasit Dis

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Persian sturgeon frys were exposed to different concentrations of copper sulfate and potassium permanganate in order to the evaluation of their impacts on bacterial load of skin, gill and surrounding water and also the histopathological alternations of gill tissue. For this purpose, the sublethal doses were determined after a pre-test and then the experiment was done in 4 (for copper sulfate: 0.07, 0.14, 026 and 0.5 mg/l) and 5 (for potassium permanganate: 0.07, 0.14, 026, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) treatments with three replicates inside the glass aquaria. Also, one group without disinfecting drug was considered as control for each experiment. The microbial and histopathological investigations were done after 96 h exposure. According to our results, a range of histopathological alternations were observed in gills tissue including mucus coagulation and secretion, hyperplasia, lamellar necrosis, hyperplasia, lamellar adhesion, haemorrhage, thickening of secondary lamellae, hypertrophy of supporter cartilage, clubbing of gill lamellae and sliming of primary lamellae. The severity of these alternations increased with increasing of the doses of the copper sulfate and potassium permanganate. The bacterial load (CFU/g) of gill, skin and surrounding water was lower in 0.07 mg/l copper sulfate treatment and 1 mg/l potassium permanganate treatment (P \ 0.05) than in other treatments. In conclusion, our results showed that the certain doses of the copper sulfate and potassium permanganate have disinfecting effects on bacterial load of gill, skin and surrounding water, although this is along with some histopathological alternations. Also, it seems that the copper sulfate has higher disinfecting power than potassium permanganate.

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“…The disinfecting products such as malachite green, formalin, copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, chloramines, chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compounds. Irrespective of disinfecting role, these chemicals are subsequently released to the aquatic environment and may have impacts on other aquatic organisms and their habitat (Boyd and Massut 1999;Nash 2003;Erondu and Anyanwu 2005). Therefore, to modify the undesirable impacts of disinfecting drugs on fish and aquatic environment, the applied doses of these chemicals should be optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and bacterial study of skin and gill of grass carp, Ceteopharyngodon idella, (Valenciennes 1844) exposed to copper sulfate and potassium permanganate

et al. 2014

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The gill histology and bacterial load of skin of the grass carp juveniles were investigated in relation to various concentrations of copper sulfate and potassium permanganate. For this purpose, the sublethal doses were determined after a pre-test and then the experiment was done in five treatments (for copper sulfate: 1, 1.94, 3.71, 7.07 and 15 mg/l and for potassium permanganate: 0.25, 0.52, 1.91, 2.27 and 5 mg/l) with three replicates inside the glass aquaria. Also, one group without disinfecting product was considered as control for each experiment. The microbial and histopathological investigations were done after 96 h exposure. According to results, the lowest bacterial load (CFU/g) of skin was observed in 15 mg/l copper sulfate treatment and 0.25 mg/l potassium permanganate treatment (P \ 0.05). Also, the histological investigation showed a range of histopathological alternations in gills tissue including lamellar necrosis, hyperplasia, lamellar adhesion, haemorrhage, clubbing of gill lamellae. The severity of these alternations increased with increasing of the doses of the copper sulfate and potassium permanganate. In this regard, the highest histological damages were observed in 15 mg/l copper sulfate and 5 mg/l potassium permanganate respectively. Our results showed that low dosage of potassium permanganate has best effect on reducing of bacterial load of skin with lowest adverse effects on gill tissue.

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Interactions of Atlantic salmon in the Pacific Northwest

Cited by 8 publications

References 90 publications

Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities

Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities

Histopathological and bacterial study of Persian sturgeon fry, Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897) exposed to copper sulfate and potassium permanganate

Histopathological and bacterial study of skin and gill of grass carp, Ceteopharyngodon idella, (Valenciennes 1844) exposed to copper sulfate and potassium permanganate

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