Interactions between the neuropeptide Y system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to review the present knowledge of interactions between the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. On the basis of in vitro and in vivo studies of various animal species, we review the effects of NPY on all levels of HPA axis activity. We also describe the effects of glucocorticosteroids on the NPY system in the hypothalamus, including interactions between glucocorticosteroids and insulin. On the basis of available literature, we discuss the role of these interactions in the control of food intake and in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Food-intake regulation during stress by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis

“…All of these changes were reversed by GC replacement (Gyengesi et al, 2010). In addition, GCs produce an increase of NPY mRNA and protein in the ARC (Wilding et al, 1993) and in PVN (Krysiak et al, 1999;McKibbin et al, 1992) in rats. Different stressors such as brief session of inescapable foot shocks and 1-h restraint increase NPY mRNA levels in the ARC of rats (Conrad and McEwen, 2000;Kas et al, 2005).…”

“…(Dagogo-Jack et al, 1997;Miell et al, 1996;Newcomer et al, 1998;Slieker et al, 1996;York, 1996) CRH and Ucn 3 (Bernier, 2006;Ohata and Shibasaki, 2011;Smagin et al, 1998) CART (Kask et al, 2000;Xu et al, 2010) Nesfatin-1 (Goebel et al, 2009;Stengel et al, 2011) NPW (Beck et al, 2010) Melanocortins (Liu et al, 2007;Yamano et al, 2004) central monoaminergic systems (Gibson, 2006) autonomous nervous system (Seematter et al, 2004) Stress induces hyperphagia due to reduction of: sensor specific satiety (Ahn and Phillips, 2012;Ortolani et al, 2011) stressor aversiveness (Piazza and Le Moal, 1997) CRH signaling? (Foster et al, 2009;la Fleur et al, 2005;Pecoraro et al, 2004) due to activation of central reward pathways (Piazza and Le Moal, 1997), due to alterations in gut microbiota (Tehrani et al, 2012) Glucocorticoids induce hyperphagia (Dallman, 1993;Drapeau et al, 2003;Epel et al, 2000;Tataranni et al, 1996) due to increased signaling of: NPY (Gyengesi et al, 2010;Krysiak et al, 1999;McKibbin et al, 1992;White et al, 1994;Wilding et al, 1993), AgRP (Coll et al, 2005;Savontaus et al, 2002), Nociceptin (Green and Devine, 2009;Nativio et al, 2011;…”

The Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-ergic System is Associated with Behavioral Resilience to Stress Exposure in an Animal Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

“…NPY has a role in the regulation of various basic physiological functions, such as food intake (Beck, 2000;Clark et al, 1985;Gehlert, 1999;Kalra et al, 1999), metabolic functions (Krysiak et al, 1999;Small et al, 1997), circadian rhythm (White, 1993), cognition (Flood et al, 1987;Redrobe et al, 1999), neuronal excitability (Colmers and Bleakman, 1994), and addictions and modulation of emotional responses to various stressors (Heilig and Widerlöv, 1995;Mathé et al, 2007). The biological actions of NPY are mediated by the activation of at least five molecularly defined G-coupled receptors family known as the Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and Y6 receptor subtypes (Kopp et al, 2002;Michel et al, 1998).…”

The Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 Receptor Subtype Mediates NPY-induced Antidepressant-like Activity in the Mouse Forced Swimming Test

“…Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of NPY stimulates food intake (Clark et al 1985;Levine and Morley 1984;Stanley and Leibowitz 1984), modulates cognition (Flood et al 1987;Redrobe et al 1999), inhibits neuronal excitability (Colmers and Bleakman 1994) and has anticonvulsant effects (Vezzani et al 1999). NPY modulates the secretion of various hypothalamic neuropeptides, stimulates the corticotrophic axis (Krysiak et al 1999;Small et al 1997) and has potent inhibitory effects on gonadotrophic and somatotrophic axes (Catzeflis et al 1993). In addition, NPY is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of certain mood disorders and in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs (Heilig et al 1988;Caberlotto et al 1998 (Michel et al 1998).…”