Interactions between stand thinning, site quality and host tree species on spruce budworm biological performance and host tree resistance over a 6 year period after thinning

Bauce, Éric; Fuentealba, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.008

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Development and implementation of management strategies based on natural forest dynamics require the understanding of the ecosystem processes and their interactions with human activities ( Gauthier et al, 2009 ). The effects of spruce budworm outbreak on stand dynamics in relationship with commercial thinning were previously approached by focussing on forest practices for reducing the damage produced by a successive outbreak of defoliators ( Fuentealba and Bauce, 2012 ; Bauce and Fuentealba, 2013 ). A spruce budworm outbreak is currently producing dramatic growth reductions in trees that could also result in a diffuse mortality in several forested regions of northeastern North-America ( Bouchard and Pothier, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This expensive practice is worthwhile only if the reduction in stand density and competition allows the growth in diameter of the remaining trees to be substantially stimulated ( Nyland, 2002 ; Vincent et al, 2009 ). Although encouraging results have been demonstrated for black spruce production ( Vincent et al, 2009 ; Soucy et al, 2012 ; Pamerleau-Couture et al, 2015 ; Montoro Girona et al, 2017 ), some questions on the long-term effects of thinning on stand resistance and resilience remain unanswered ( Gauthier et al, 2009 ; Bauce and Fuentealba, 2013 ). In particular, the current spruce budworm outbreak occurring in Eastern Canada is forcing forest scientists to urgently clarify the interactions between natural disturbances and silvicultural practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does a Spruce Budworm Outbreak Affect the Growth Response of Black Spruce to a Subsequent Thinning?

2018

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In Canada, new forestry practices involving the natural dynamics of tree growth and regeneration are proposed for integrating forest management with biodiversity. In particular, the current spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)] outbreak in northeastern North America is forcing natural resource managers to clarify the potential interactions between natural disturbances and commercial thinning. The aim of this study was to investigate if the spruce budworm outbreak of the 1970s affected the responses of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] to a subsequent thinning. Stem growth was reconstructed by measuring and cross-dating chronologies of tree-ring width of 1290 adult trees from 34 control and thinned stands within an area of 11,000 km2 in the boreal forest of the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region (QC, Canada). The treatment consisted of a low thinning performed during 1995–1999 that removed 25–35% of the basal area. Segmented models were applied to the tree-ring chronologies to define the growth pattern during the outbreak and thinning periods within a time window of 8 years, representing the average duration of the effects of defoliation on growth. Trees showed abrupt growth decreases during the outbreak, with the tree-ring index showing minimum values in 1977–1979. The tree-ring index had a flat trend before thinning, while it increased for 6–10 years after thinning. The growth pattern during the outbreak period was characterized by a reduction, mainly in trees with larger tree rings, while slow-growing trees showed less sensitivity to the disturbance. Thinning produced a significant increase in tree growth. No relationship was found between the effects of spruce budworm outbreaks in trees and the changes in growth pattern after thinning. If the timespan between the two disturbances exceeds 7 years, partial cutting can be applied independently of the growth reductions that had occurred during the outbreak. When applied in black spruce stands with high annual radial growth, thinning is expected to optimize the volume growth of the residual trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a Spruce Budworm Outbreak Affect the Growth Response of Black Spruce to a Subsequent Thinning?

2018

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“…Less direct but potentially effective strategies for managing ash dieback include silvicultural practices such as thinning and retention forestry. Harvesting techniques that improve the light, water, and mineral nutrition conditions of retained trees can also enhance their resistance to other stress factors (Bauce and Fuentealba 2013;Giuggiola et al 2013). Thinnings, for example, are well known to increase tree resistance to insect pests such as bark beetles (reviewed by Fettig et al (2007) and Coops et al (2009)) or spruce budworms (e.g., Bauce and Fuentealba 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvesting techniques that improve the light, water, and mineral nutrition conditions of retained trees can also enhance their resistance to other stress factors (Bauce and Fuentealba 2013;Giuggiola et al 2013). Thinnings, for example, are well known to increase tree resistance to insect pests such as bark beetles (reviewed by Fettig et al (2007) and Coops et al (2009)) or spruce budworms (e.g., Bauce and Fuentealba 2013). The impacts of thinning on the resistance against fungi are less studied, and in the case of root pathogens, the results remain controversial Entry et al 1991;Hansen and Goheen 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is broadly known how the crucial decisions of tree retentionwhich trees and where to retain -affect future condition of the trees but not how they specifically affect disease resistance (but see Bauce and Fuentealba 2013). Retained trees typically accelerate growth (e.g., Jakobsson and Elfving 2004;Bose et al 2014a), although sometimes with a delay of some years (Goudiaby et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards silvicultural mitigation of the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) dieback: the importance of acclimated trees in retention forestry

Rosenvald

Drenkhan

Riit³

et al. 2015

Can. J. For. Res.

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The European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback is an acute forest pathology problem caused by the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya. There are no practical solutions yet, but selection for resistant genotypes and intensive care have been highlighted as options. Our aim was to assess the disease mitigation potential of silvicultural harvests, which influence stress levels in retained trees. We annually monitored 577 retention trees on Estonian cut areas for 13 years, including 9 years impacted by the dieback. Sixty-five percent of the trees survived and 15% retained healthy crown, despite all sampled trees being infected. The damage was smallest in the trees retained near precut edges. Former forest-interior trees that were left in central parts of the cut areas suffered high initial damage but smaller disease progression than trees near postcut edges. Tree size and secondary infection by Armillaria spp. were not related to disease progression, but rapid decline was observed in the region with the highest density of ash trees retained. Our results indicate a significant silvicultural potential for tree resistance. Ash trees tend to be healthiest in open conditions, which probably inhibit the pathogen and provide better resources for the tree. Location near precut edges is an important tree retention criterion, which can mitigate initial harvest-induced stress.Résumé : Le dépérissement du frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior L.) est un problème aigu de pathologie forestière causé par l'ascomycète invasif Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya. Il n'existe pas encore de solutions pratiques mais la sélection de génotypes résistants et les soins intensifs ont été mis en évidence comme solutions possibles. Notre but était d'évaluer le potentiel des interventions sylvicoles qui influencent le niveau de stress chez les arbres retenus pour atténuer la maladie. À chaque année pendant 13 ans, incluant 9 années durant lesquelles le dépérissement a sévi, nous avons suivi 577 arbres retenus dans une aire de coupe en Estonie. Soixante-cinq pourcent des arbres ont survécu et 15 % ont conservé une cime en santé même si tous les arbres échantillonnés étaient infectés. Les arbres retenus près de la lisière de la forêt avant qu'elle soit coupée étaient les moins endommagés. Les arbres situés à l'intérieur de l'ancienne forêt et qui ont été laissés dans le centre des aires de coupe ont initialement subi des dommages sévères mais la maladie a moins progressé que sur les arbres situés près de la lisière de la coupe. La taille des arbres et l'infection secondaire par Armillaria spp. n'avaient pas de lien avec la progression de la maladie, mais un dépérissement rapide a été observé dans la région où la rétention du frêne atteignait la plus forte densité. Nos résultats indiquent que la résistance des arbres offre un fort potentiel sylvicole. Les frênes ont tendance à être plus en santé dans les endroits ouverts où le pathogène est probablement inhibé et les ressources plus a...

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Bacillus thuringiensis efficacy in reducing spruce budworm damage as affected by host tree species

2014

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Interactions between stand thinning, site quality and host tree species on spruce budworm biological performance and host tree resistance over a 6 year period after thinning

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Does a Spruce Budworm Outbreak Affect the Growth Response of Black Spruce to a Subsequent Thinning?

Does a Spruce Budworm Outbreak Affect the Growth Response of Black Spruce to a Subsequent Thinning?

Towards silvicultural mitigation of the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) dieback: the importance of acclimated trees in retention forestry

Bacillus thuringiensis efficacy in reducing spruce budworm damage as affected by host tree species

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