Interactions Between Resting Heart Rate and Childhood Risk Factors in Predicting Convictions and Antisocial Personality Scores

Farrington, David P.

doi:10.1177/0011128720926108

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Farrington (2020b) then investigated interactions between RHR and childhood (age 8–10) risk factors in predicting all convictions up to age 61 and a measure of antisocial personality at ages 32 and 48 combined. The results showed that high RHR protected against the effects of harsh parental discipline, a depressed mother, and being difficult to discipline in predicting all convictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resting heart rate protects against childhood risk factors in predicting adult psychopathy

Farrington

Bergstrøm

2021

JCP

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Purpose Previous research has indicated that low resting heart rate (RHR), measured at age 18, predicts later psychopathy, and that high RHR acts as a protective factor in nullifying the influence of several psychosocial risk factors in predicting later antisocial and criminal outcomes. This paper aims to investigate high RHR as a protective factor against age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors in predicting psychopathy factors at age 48 (measured by the PCL:SV). Design/methodology/approach Data collected in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development are analyzed. This is a prospective longitudinal study of 411 London males from age 8 to age 61. Findings This paper first reports the age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors that predict the interpersonal/affective Factor 1 and the lifestyle/antisocial Factor 2. Then interaction effects with high RHR are studied. The results indicate that high RHR acts as a protective factor against a convicted father and a depressed mother in predicting both psychopathy factors. It also protected against harsh discipline, large family size, low verbal IQ, high hyperactivity, poor parental supervision and a high delinquency-rate school in predicting one of these psychopathy factors, and against a convicted mother in a sensitivity analysis. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that high RHR acts as a protective factor in the prediction of psychopathy. The replicated results with different antisocial outcomes show that more research is warranted on the protective effects of high RHR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resting heart rate protects against childhood risk factors in predicting adult psychopathy

Farrington

Bergstrøm

2021

JCP

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“…However, it is also relevant that the majority of research addresses biological factors only as risk factors and not as potential protective factors that can moderate the influence of risks and buffer against undesirable behavioral outcome. For example, Farrington ( 2020 ) showed that high RHR had a protective function in the prediction of conviction and antisocial personality characteristics when the individuals had experienced childhood risk factors. In comparison to risk oriented research, the investigation of protective factors and mechanisms of antisocial behavior is less developed (Lösel and Farrington, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenocortical Activity and Aggressive Behavior in Children: A Longitudinal Study on Risk and Protective Effects

Bender

Lösel

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Most research on aggression and delinquency concentrates on risk factors. There has been less attention for protective factors and mechanisms, in particular with regard to biosocial influences. Based on theories of autonomous arousal and stress reactance the present study addresses the influence of adrenocortical activity as a risk and/or protective factor in the development of antisocial behavior in children. We also investigated relations to anxiousness and family stressors. In a prospective longitudinal study of 150 German boys, the first measurement took place at preschool age and contained an assessment of cortisol after waking up and 30 min later. Aggressiveness and anxiousness of the children were assessed by the kindergarten teachers with the Social Behavior Questionnaire. After 6 years, the children's behavior was rated by the teachers in middle school. Variable-oriented data analyses revealed a significant correlation between the total amount of cortisol after waking up and 30 min later (AUCG) and anxiousness both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, but not with aggressiveness. A family stress index correlated positively with aggressiveness but neither with cortisol nor with anxiousness. There were significant correlations between aggressiveness and anxiousness at kindergarten age and the respective behavior problems 6 years later. In a linear regression analysis on aggression only family stress had a significant effect but anxiousness not. Moderator analyses on aggressiveness with anxiousness and AUCG or on AUCG with anxiousness and aggressiveness did not show any significant interactions. Longitudinally, only aggression significantly predicted aggression 6 years later in a linear regression. In addition to variable-oriented analyses, we also applied a person-oriented approach to investigate specific patterns of behavior. Children who were high in both aggressiveness and anxiousness had the highest cortisol level and those with low anxiousness and high aggressiveness the lowest. The groups with different patterns of externalizing and internalizing problems at preschool age showed significant differences in aggression 6 years later. Our results underline the need for complex pattern analyses on cortisol, aggression, and anxiousness in children and for a differentiated consideration of emotional reactive aggression and unemotional instrumental aggression.

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“…A second common theme is the need to examine interactions between biological, psychological, and social risk factors. Four of the studies found some evidence of interactions between biological and social risk factors (Cooke et al, 2020; Farrington, 2020; Fox et al, 2020; Portnoy et al, 2020). As demonstrated by these articles, neither biological, psychological, nor social risk factors alone are likely to explain the etiology of criminal behavior and related outcomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Fox, Bozzay, & Verona (2020) examine gene × environment interactions in predicting psychopathy in adults. Farrington (2020) tests the interaction between resting heart rate and multiple psychosocial risk factors in predicting convictions and antisocial personality scores in males participating in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Portnoy, Raine, Rudo-Hutt, Gao, and Monk (2020) also test a biosocial interaction, studying whether the interaction between heart rate reactivity and neighborhood disadvantage predicts antisocial behavior in children.…”

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Biosocial Criminology: Moving Toward the Future

Portnoy

2020

Crime & Delinquency

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Biosocial criminology is a multidisciplinary perspective that attempts to understand the causes and consequences of criminal behavior and related outcomes. Biosocial criminologists employ methods from a variety of disciplines, including genetics, psychophysiology, neuroscience, sociology, and psychology. For years, biosocial criminology struggled to gain traction within the field of criminology. Although some resistance among criminologists remains, biosocial criminology is starting to become more firmly established as an important subdivision within criminology. Demonstrating this, at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology (ASC), there were 27 oral sessions listed in the online preliminary program under the keyword, "Biosocial or Genetic Factors." For comparison, there were 31 oral sessions listed under the keyword, "Strain/learning/control" (ASC, 2019). This is a small difference, given that strain, learning, and control are major theoretical frameworks in criminology. In addition to the growing number of biosocial themed panels, the ASC Division of Biopsychosocial Criminology was established in 2017, representing a further step toward establishing the legitimacy of the discipline within the field. For many years, biosocial criminologists have been forced to expend considerable time and effort justifying the importance of studying crime from a biosocial perspective. Fortunately, given their growing acceptance, biosocial criminologists will increasingly be required to spend less time justifying the discipline's need to exist. This opens the door to dramatically advance the state of the science and knowledge in the field. The articles in this special issue do just that.

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Interactions Between Resting Heart Rate and Childhood Risk Factors in Predicting Convictions and Antisocial Personality Scores

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

High resting heart rate protects against childhood risk factors in predicting adult psychopathy

High resting heart rate protects against childhood risk factors in predicting adult psychopathy

Adrenocortical Activity and Aggressive Behavior in Children: A Longitudinal Study on Risk and Protective Effects

Biosocial Criminology: Moving Toward the Future

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