Interactions between Parasitic Infections and the Human Gut Microbiome in Odisha, India

Huwe, Tiffany; Prusty, Birendra Kumar; Ray, Aisurya; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Ravindran, Balachandran; Michael, Edwin

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0968

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our previous study also identified Lachnospiraceae as negatively associated with the three major STH infections, in human cohorts from both Liberia and Indonesia (Rosa et al, 2018). Another previous study of humans from India noted a significant negative association with Lachnospiraceae OTU and whipworm infection (Huwe et al, 2019). We confirmed a significant negative association with whipworm infection by RT-qPCR in mice (P = 0.005; Supplementary Figure S6).…”

Section: Microbiome Taxa Negatively Associated With Infectionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Whipworm-Associated Intestinal Microbiome Members Consistent Across Both Human and Mouse Hosts

Rosa

Snowden

Martin

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human whipworm Trichuris trichiura infects 289 million people worldwide, resulting in substantial morbidity. Whipworm infections are difficult to treat due to low cure rates and high reinfection rates. Interactions between whipworm and its host’s intestinal microbiome present a potential novel target for infection control or prevention but are very complicated and are identified using inconsistent methodology and sample types across the literature, limiting their potential usefulness. Here, we used a combined 16S rRNA gene OTU analysis approach (QIIME2) for samples from humans and mice infected with whipworm (T. trichiura and T. muris, respectively) to identify for the first time, bacterial taxa that were consistently associated with whipworm infection spanning host species and infection status using four independent comparisons (baseline infected vs uninfected and before vs after deworming for both humans and mice). Using these four comparisons, we identified significant positive associations for seven taxa including Escherichia, which has been identified to induce whipworm egg hatching, and Bacteroides, which has previously been identified as a major component of the whipworm internal microbiome. We additionally identified significant negative associations for five taxa including four members of the order Clostridiales, two from the family Lachnospiraceae, including Blautia which was previously identified as positively associated with whipworm in independent human and mouse studies. Using this approach, bacterial taxa of interest for future association and mechanistic studies were identified, and several were validated by RT-qPCR. We demonstrate the applicability of a mouse animal model for comparison to human whipworm infections with respect to whipworm-induced intestinal microbiome disruption and subsequent restoration following deworming. Overall, the novel cross-species analysis approach utilized here provides a valuable research tool for studies of the interaction between whipworm infection and the host intestinal microbiome.

show abstract

Section: Microbiome Taxa Negatively Associated With Infectionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Whipworm-Associated Intestinal Microbiome Members Consistent Across Both Human and Mouse Hosts

Rosa

Snowden

Martin

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, we did not find a significant difference at Pre and Post deworming, which could be because of smaller sample size and could also be confounded by the effects of albendazole. Additionally, other studies have not observed an effect of helminths on microbial diversity [8, 11, 14, 17, 18, 33]. It is important to note that each study cohort has different prevalence rates for different helminth species, as well as distinct genetics and living conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gut Microbiome of Helminth Infected Indigenous Malaysians Is Context Dependent

Tee

Easton

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While microbiomes in industrialized societies are well characterized, indigenous populations with traditional lifestyles have microbiomes that are more akin to those of ancient humans. However, metagenomic data in these populations remains scarce and the association with soil-transmitted helminth infection status is unclear. Here, we sequenced 650 metagenomes of indigenous Malaysians from 5 villages with different prevalence of helminth infections. Individuals from villages with higher prevalence of helminth infections have more unmapped reads and greater microbial diversity. Microbial community diversity and composition were most strongly associated with different villages and the effects of helminth infection status on the microbiome varies by village. Longitudinal changes in the microbiome in response to albendazole anthelmintic treatment was observed in both helminth infected and uninfected individuals. Inference of bacterial population replication rates from origin of replication analysis identified specific replicating taxa associated with helminth infection. Our results indicated that helminth effects on the microbiota was highly dependent on context and effects of albendazole on the microbiota can be confounding for the interpretation of deworming studies. Furthermore, a substantial quantity of the microbiome remains undescribed and this large dataset from indigenous populations associated with helminth infections should facilitate characterization of the disappearing microbiome from developed industrialized societies.

show abstract

“…Most of the work in this area involves describing associations between intestinal helminths and fecal samples by 16S ribosomal sequencing analysis in endemic populations. These include cross-sectional (n = 12) 53,[133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147] and longitudinal studies (n = 10) [148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159] , but the conclusions are often divergent, due to differences in the prevalence of helminths and study population for each analysis (see below). A common feature observed from some cross-sectional studies is increased gut microbial diversity in helminth-infected individuals 133,138,142,[144][145][146]151,153,159 ; however, some other studies showed either reduced diversity 146 or no significant differences in microbial diversity in infected individuals 134,135,139,140,143,148,…”

Section: Effects Of Helminths On Microbiome During Natural Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Helminths have evolved sophisticated immune regulating mechanisms to prevent rejection by their mammalian host. Our understanding of how the human immune system responds to these parasites remains poor compared to mouse models of infection and this limits our ability to develop vaccines as well as harness their unique properties as therapeutic strategies against inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how recent studies on human challenge infections, self-infected individuals, travelers, and endemic populations have improved our understanding of human type 2 immunity and its effects on the microbiome. The heterogeneity of responses between individuals and the limited access to tissue samples beyond the peripheral blood are challenges that limit human studies on helminths, but also provide opportunities to transform our understanding of human immunology. Organoids and single-cell sequencing are exciting new tools for immunological analysis that may aid this pursuit. Learning about the genetic and immunological basis of resistance, tolerance, and pathogenesis to helminth infections may thus uncover mechanisms that can be utilized for therapeutic purposes.

show abstract

Interactions between Parasitic Infections and the Human Gut Microbiome in Odisha, India

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Whipworm-Associated Intestinal Microbiome Members Consistent Across Both Human and Mouse Hosts

Whipworm-Associated Intestinal Microbiome Members Consistent Across Both Human and Mouse Hosts

Gut Microbiome of Helminth Infected Indigenous Malaysians Is Context Dependent

Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About