Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome

Loke, P’ng; Lee, Soo Ching; Oyesola, Oyebola O.

doi:10.1038/s41385-022-00532-9

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(296 reference statements)

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“… 220 Microorganisms can regulate the immune response, alter epigenetic markers of cells, modify target cells, activate B lymphocytes, and cause patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) to develop B cell lymphoma. 221 , 222 , 223 S. aureus is closely associated with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and promotes the progression of this disease. 224 Staphylococcal‐toxin (a‐hemolysin) inhibits cytotoxic responses by T cells and lead to immune escape.…”

Section: Mechanisms By Which Human Carcinogenic Microbiomes Promote C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

Xia

Liu

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Colonies formed by bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viral groups and their genomes, metabolites, and expressed proteins constitute complex human microbiomes. An increasing evidences showed that carcinogenesis and disease progression were link to microbiomes. Different organ sources, their microbial species, and their metabolites are different; the mechanisms of carcinogenic or procancerous are also different. Here, we summarize how microbiomes contribute to carcinogenesis and disease progression in cancers of the skin, mouth, esophagus, lung, gastrointestinal, genital, blood, and lymph malignancy. We also insight into the molecular mechanisms of triggering, promoting, or inhibiting carcinogenesis and disease progress induced by microbiomes or/and their secretions of bioactive metabolites. And then, the strategies of application of microorganisms in cancer treatment were discussed in detail. However, the mechanisms by which human microbiomes function are still poorly understood. The bidirectional interactions between microbiotas and endocrine systems need to be clarified. Probiotics and prebiotics are believed to benefit human health via a variety of mechanisms, in particular, in tumor inhibition. It is largely unknown how microbial agents cause cancer or how cancer progresses. We expect this review may open new perspectives on possible therapeutic approaches of patients with cancer.

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Section: Mechanisms By Which Human Carcinogenic Microbiomes Promote C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

Xia

Liu

et al. 2023

MedComm

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“…With expanding urbanization and increasing environment transition to a more hygienic state, the increase in IBD incidence appears to coincide with a decrease in the rate of helminth colonization in the host [ 37 ]. Compared to helminth-negative individuals, subjects colonized by helminths showed higher gut bacterial diversity in the Malaysian indigenous cohort [ 38 ]. Simultaneous differences in helminth prevalence and microbiome structure between rural and urban residents favor a link between helminth presence and bacterial microbiome structure, indicating a potential protective role of helminth against the IBD microbiome in rural residents [ 39 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Flora and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated immunomodulatory roles of gut flora and microRNAs in inflammatory bowel diseases

2022

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a heterogeneous intestinal inflammatory disorder, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Existing studies have shown that the pathogenesis of IBD is closely related to the host's genetic susceptibility, intestinal flora disturbance and mucosal immune abnormalities, etc. It is generally believed that there are complicated interactions between host immunity and intestinal microflora/microRNAs during the occurrence and progression of IBD. Intestinal flora is mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses and helminths. These commensals are highly implicated in the maintenance of intestinal microenvironment homeostasis alone or in combination. MiRNA is an endogenous non-coding small RNA with a length of 20 to 22 nucleotides, which can perform a variety of biological functions by silencing or activating target genes through complementary pairing bonds. A large quantity of miRNAs are involved in intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier integrity, autophagy, vesicle transportation and other small RNA alterations in IBD circumstance. In this review, the immunomodulatory roles of gut flora and microRNAs are updated in the occurrence and progression of IBD. Meanwhile, the gut flora and microRNA targeted therapeutic strategies as well as other immunomodulatory approaches including TNF-α monoclonal antibodies are also emphasized in the treatment of IBD.

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“…Given that investigating helminth infections in patient populations is extremely challenging, many studies have employed animal models infected with Trichuris muris, Trichinella spiralis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Strongyloides ratti, Strongyloides venezuelensis, Brugia malayi, and Schistosoma mansoni to study the mammalian immune response to these parasites [summarized in Table 1 (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), also reviewed by (20,21)]. Collectively, these animal models have tremendously informed our understanding of the innate immune responses activated upon the initial exposure to these parasites (22,23). As mentioned above, antihelminth immunity is primarily mediated by type 2 cytokine responses that are characterized by the development of type 2 helper T (T H 2) cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths

et al. 2022

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Parasitic helminth infections remain a significant global health issue and are responsible for devastating morbidity and economic hardships. During infection, helminths migrate through different host organs, which results in substantial tissue damage and the release of diverse effector molecules by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Thus, host protective responses to helminths must initiate mechanisms that help to promote worm clearance while simultaneously mitigating tissue injury. The specialized immunity that promotes these responses is termed type 2 inflammation and is initiated by the recruitment and activation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Recent work has also revealed the importance of neuron-derived signals in regulating type 2 inflammation and antihelminth immunity. These studies suggest that multiple body systems coordinate to promote optimal outcomes post-infection. In this review, we will describe the innate immune events that direct the scope and intensity of antihelminth immunity. Further, we will highlight the recent progress made in our understanding of the neuro-immune interactions that regulate these pathways and discuss the conceptual advances they promote.

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Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome

Cited by 16 publications

References 169 publications

Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

Updated immunomodulatory roles of gut flora and microRNAs in inflammatory bowel diseases

Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths

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