Interactions between Carotenoids and the CCl3O2.bul. Radical

Hill, Thomas J.; Land, Edward J.; McGarvey, David J.; Schalch, Wolfgang; Tinkler, J H; Truscott, T. G.

doi:10.1021/ja00137a004

Cited by 130 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…The antioxidant properties of the carotenoids are now well established and include the ability to quench singlet oxygen and triplet sensitizers, 38,68,121,151,210 interact with free radicals 18,24,99,108,121 and prevent lipid peroxidation. 7,132,160,214,232 It has been shown that a carotenoid's antioxidant activity is enhanced at low oxygen tension 108 and that the carotenoids interact with other antioxidants.…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Beatty

Koh²,

Phil

et al. 2000

Survey of Ophthalmology

1,757

1,347

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Abstract. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the developed world, and yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Oxidative stress, which refers to cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), has been implicated in many disease processes, especially age-related disorders. ROIs include free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen, and they are often the byproducts of oxygen metabolism. The retina is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress because of its high consumption of oxygen, its high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its exposure to visible light. In vitro studies have consistently shown that photochemical retinal injury is attributable to oxidative stress and that the antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E protect against this type of injury. Furthermore, there is strong evidence suggesting that lipofuscin is derived, at least in part, from oxidatively damaged photoreceptor outer segments and that it is itself a photoreactive substance. However, the relationships between dietary and serum levels of the antioxidant vitamins and age-related macular disease are less clear, although a protective effect of high plasma concentrations of ␣ -tocopherol has been convincingly demonstrated. Macular pigment is also believed to limit retinal oxidative damage by absorbing incoming blue light and/or quenching ROIs. Many putative risk-factors for AMD have been linked to a lack of macular pigment, including female gender, lens density, tobacco use, light iris color, and reduced visual sensitivity. Moreover, the Eye Disease Case-Control Study found that high plasma levels of lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with reduced risk of neovascular AMD. The concept that AMD can be attributed to cumulative oxidative stress is enticing, but remains unproven. With a view to reducing oxidative damage, the effect of nutritional antioxidant supplements on the onset and natural course of age-related macular disease is currently being evaluated. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the western world, 119 and its prevalence is likely to rise as a consequence of increasing longevity. 225 There is a general consensus that cumulative oxidative damage is responsible for aging, and may, therefore, play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD. In this article, we review the literature germane to oxidative processes in the retina and examine the evidence for a causal link between oxidative stress and age-related macular degeneration.

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Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Beatty

Koh²,

Phil

et al. 2000

Survey of Ophthalmology

1,757

1,347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…carotenoid radical cation and radical adduct, with no distinction between the reactivities of the different carotenoids, except for astaxanthin participating exclusively in radical addition [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant activities of carotenes and xanthophylls

et al. 1996

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The purpose of this study was to assess the relative antioxidant activities of a range of carotenes and xanthophylls through the extent of their abilities to scavenge the ABTS "+ radical cation. The results show that the relative abilities of the carotenoids to scavenge the ABTS "÷ radical cation are influenced by the presence of functional groups with increasing polarities, such as carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, in the terminal rings, as well as by the number of conjugated double bonds.

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“…Because β -carotene can be converted into β -carotene peroxyl radical cations by scavenging radical species in a heterogeneous micellar environment (Hill et al 1995 ), the more polar β -carotene radical cation ( β -C • + ) can be reoriented toward the hydrophilic compartment, allowing ascorbic acid to repair the β -carotene radical (El -Agamey et al 2004 ). Other work (Burke et al 2001 ) has also shown an interaction between β -carotene radical cations and ascorbic acid.…”

Section: Biological Significance Of Antioxidant Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%