Interactions and associated resistance development mechanisms between microplastics, antibiotics and heavy metals in the aquaculture environment

Abstract

Plastic is a generic term that relates to high molecular weight polymers that are usually derived from fossil fuels such as petroleum. 1,2 Plastic pollution is caused by small plastic fragments, and according to their size classification, they can be divided into microplastics (MPs) (100-5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (<100 nm). 3 Several previous studies have shown the ubiquitous presence of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic resources and atmospheric environments. [4][5][6][7] The decomposition of plastic litter, discharge of tourism and ship waste, improper waste disposal from aquaculture facilities, fishery tools and equipment, and atmospheric deposition have been reported as the main sources of MPs in the aquatic environment. 8 MPs can also be swallowed by aquatic organisms and accumulated in their digestive systems. 9,10 Due to their hydrophobic nature, small particle size and large surface area, MPs can attract other hydrophobic pollutants and change their chemical properties and bioavailability. 11,12 Recent

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment with Emphasis on Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

“…These play a role and interact with each other and increase HGT. The selective pressure for heavy metals can enable co-selection of metal resistant genes and ARGs by HGT giving more advantage to the bacterial survival [39]. Mariculture is culture of marine organisms in aquatic systems for commercial purposes.…”

The synthesis and highly effective antibacterial properties of Cu-3, 5-dimethy l-1, 2, 4-triazole metal organic frameworks

“…Especially, MOFs have attracted tremendous attention in antibacterial fields in the last few decades owing to their porosity, sustained release capability, and structural flexibility. Many antibacterial composite MOF materials have been explored by combining a variety of chemicals and antibacterial materials, such as nanoparticles ( Duan et al, 2017 ), antibiotics ( Li et al, 2022 ), phytochemicals ( Wu et al, 2019 ), and polymers ( Gowriboy et al, 2022 ). These include Ag-CuTCPP ( Ximing et al, 2017 ), Ag@ZIF-8 ( Barjasteh et al, 2022 ), the encapsulation of ciprofloxacin into ZIF-8, RFP&o-NBA@ZIF-8 ( Song et al, 2018 ), and Ag-MOFs-polyetherimide (PEI) ( Li et al, 2015 ).…”

“…Additionally, the antibacterial mechanism of MOFs has been proposed in recent years. MOF materials have excellent physical-chemical properties that could avoid the disadvantage of drug resistance of antibiotics ( Li et al, 2022 ) and generate effective antibacterial capability. They mainly rely on physical contact between the MOFs and bacteria via van der Waals forces ( Vecitis et al, 2010 ), electrostatic interaction ( Miao et al, 2019 ), and hydrophobic interactions ( Pang et al, 2017 ).…”

An Indian Perspective on the Infection and Diagnostic Landscape of Shrimp Aquaculture

“…Various AMR genes have been documented to be present in sediments surrounding aquaculture environments. More importantly, it was reported that some contigs in sediment bacteria shared a high affinity with transposons or plasmids from human bacterial pathogens. − Furthermore, antimicrobials used in aquaculture can accumulate in the tissues of aquatic animals, which, when consumed, can cause allergic reactions and toxic effects in humans and may cause selection of AMR. − In summary, antimicrobials negatively affect microbial communities as well as benthic communities, ultimately causing damage to ecosystems. − …”