Interactions among microorganisms open up a new world for anti‐infectious therapy

Abstract

The human microbiome, containing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is a community that coexists peacefully with humans most of the time, but with the potential to cause disease under certain conditions. When the environment changes or certain stimuli are received, microbes may interact with each other, causing or increasing the severity of disease in a host. With the appropriate methods, we can make these microbiota work for us, creating new applications for human health. This review discusses the wide range of interactions between microorganisms that result in an increase in susceptibility to, severity of, and mortality of diseases, and also briefly introduces how microorganisms interact with each other directly or indirectly. The study of microbial interactions and their mechanisms has revealed a new world of treatments for infectious disease. The regulation of the balance between intestinal flora, the correct application of probiotics, and the development of effective drugs by symbiosis all demonstrate the great contributions of the microbiota to human health and its powerful potential value. Consequently, the study of interactions between microorganisms plays an essential role in identifying the causes of diseases and the development of treatments.

Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases

“…Microbial interdependencies and interactions within the microbiome add complexity. Understanding these intricate microbial networks and their dynamics is crucial for comprehending the overall functioning of the microbiome in infectious diseases [369,370]. Conducting large-scale, multicenter studies poses logistical and coordination challenges.…”

Inhibition of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Candida albicans–Staphylococcus aureus/Streptococcus mutans by Fucoidan–Gold Nanoparticles

“…Polymicrobial interactions can occur at the interspecies and cross-kingdom levels [ 8 , 9 ]. The interaction of multiple microbes and biofilm progression in a variety of host mouths, skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and vulvovaginal tissues has been extensively researched [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. A growing number of reports describe the formation of polymicrobial biofilms between Candida spp., particularly C. albicans , and various bacterial species [ 11 , 13 , 14 ].…”