Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases

Kamel, Mohamed; Aleya, Sami; Alsubih, Majed; Aleya, Lotfi

doi:10.3390/jpm14020217

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 413 publications

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“…However, despite the established correlation between the microbiota and health, the precise causal mechanisms remain under active investigation. Tailored interventions based on an individual's microbiota profile hold promise in healthcare, potentially yielding more precise and efficacious treatments for a spectrum of health conditions [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Microbiome–Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications

Olteanu,

Ciucă-Pană,

Busnatu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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This review scrutinizes the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the human body, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and far-reaching implications. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities inhabiting various anatomical niches, is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of human health and disease. Through an extensive examination of current research, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between the microbiome and host physiology across multiple organ systems. Key topics include the establishment and maintenance of microbiota diversity, the influence of host factors on microbial composition, and the bidirectional communication pathways between microbiota and host cells. Furthermore, we delve into the functional implications of microbiome dysbiosis in disease states, emphasizing its role in shaping immune responses, metabolic processes, and neurological functions. Additionally, this review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the microbiome to restore host–microbe homeostasis and promote health. Microbiota fecal transplantation represents a groundbreaking therapeutic approach in the management of dysbiosis-related diseases, offering a promising avenue for restoring microbial balance within the gut ecosystem. This innovative therapy involves the transfer of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor to an individual suffering from dysbiosis, aiming to replenish beneficial microbial populations and mitigate pathological imbalances. By synthesizing findings from diverse fields, this review offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and the human body, highlighting avenues for future research and clinical interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Microbiome–Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications

Olteanu,

Ciucă-Pană,

Busnatu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections impacts the gut antimicrobial resistome

Langelier,

Chu,

Glascock

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) reduces bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men and transgender women. While poised for widespread clinical implementation, the impact of doxy-PEP on antimicrobial resistance remains a primary concern as its effects on the gut microbiome and resistome, or the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) present in the gut microbiome, are unknown. To investigate these effects, we studied participants from a randomized clinical trial who either received doxy-PEP as a one-time doxycycline 200 mg taken after condomless sex (DP arm, n = 100) or standard of care treatment (SOC arm, n = 50). From self-collected rectal swabs at enrollment (day-0) and after 6 months (month-6), we performed metagenomic DNA sequencing (DNA-seq) or metatranscriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). DNA-seq data was analyzable from 127 samples derived from 89 participants, and RNA-seq data from 86 samples derived from 70 participants. We compared the bacterial microbiome and resistome between the two study arms and over time. Tetracycline ARGs were detected in all day-0 DNA-seq samples and 85% of day-0 RNA-seq samples. The proportional mass of tetracycline ARGs in the resistome increased between day-0 and month-6 in DP participants from 46–51% in the metagenome (p = 0.02) and 4–15% in the metatranscriptome (p < 0.01), but no changes in other ARG classes were observed. Exposure to a higher number of doxycycline doses correlated with proportional enrichment of tetracycline ARGs in the metagenome (Spearman’s ρ = 0.23, p < 0.01) and metatranscriptome (Spearman’s ρ = 0.55, p < 0.01). Bacterial microbiome alpha diversity, beta diversity, and total bacterial mass did not differ between day-0 and month-6 samples from DP participants when assessed by either DNA-seq or RNA-seq. In an abundance-based correlation analysis, we observed an increase over time in the strength of the correlation between tetracycline ARGs and specific bacterial taxa, including some common human pathogens. In sum, doxy-PEP use over a 6-month period was associated with an increase in the proportion of tetracycline ARGs comprising the gut resistome, and an increase in the expression of tetracycline ARGs. Notably, doxy-PEP did not significantly alter alpha diversity or taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome, and did not demonstrate significant increases in non-tetracycline ARG classes. Further studies and population level surveillance are needed to understand the implications of these findings as doxy-PEP is implemented as a public health strategy.

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Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases

Cited by 2 publications

References 413 publications

Unraveling the Microbiome–Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications

Unraveling the Microbiome–Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications

Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections impacts the gut antimicrobial resistome

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