Interactions among adult males and females before and after the death of the alpha male in a free-ranging troop of Japanese macaques

Nakamichi, Masayuki; Kojima, Yasuo; Itoigawa, Naosuke; Imakawa, Shinji; Machida, Shoji

doi:10.1007/bf02382861

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies suggest that usually during a movement in the wild, adult males at the front of the movement probably protect juveniles from predators (Boinski et al 2000); Because of this reason the adult males are more aggressive toward infants and juveniles. The reconciliation behaviour was found the highest for the male-female case, studies suggest that an alpha female holds a special position in the group and possibly influences the male dominance ranks to some extent (Nakamichi et al 1995). Furthermore, studies have shown that the chances of an increase female's proximity to a new alpha male are higher (Nakamichi et al 1995), observations describe that proximity scores of adult females and defeated previous alpha male's decreases after the male's defeat.…”

Section: Social Relationship Of Malesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The reconciliation behaviour was found the highest for the male-female case, studies suggest that an alpha female holds a special position in the group and possibly influences the male dominance ranks to some extent (Nakamichi et al 1995). Furthermore, studies have shown that the chances of an increase female's proximity to a new alpha male are higher (Nakamichi et al 1995), observations describe that proximity scores of adult females and defeated previous alpha male's decreases after the male's defeat. Thus the reconciliation between a male and a female might be high, as shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Social Relationship Of Malesmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Anuar¹,

Ullah²

2011

IJB

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Long tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are organized into multi-male/multi-female groups have a strong hierarchical ties with each others. The data collected in present study was random and continuous sampling data. It was depicted from present study that the alpha male exhibit significant dominance for the behaviour of fighting (p<0.05), eating (p<0.05) and grooming (received) (p<0.05). Other behaviours grooming (given), attacking and protection were observed higher in beta male. Furthermore, the male and female social relationships were also assessed and compared to the other members of the group. The behaviors of males was found significant for the aggression (p<0.028), approach (p<0.002) and reconciliation (p<0.01), while observed significant difference in the behavior of grooming (p<0.012), biting (p<0.016), sex (p<0.031), submission (p<0.004) and baby care (p<0.01) in females respectively. It is concluded that the Macaca fascicularis bound in hierarchical system and mating structure showed that the male and female mate with multiple partners suggesting that mating is composed on polyandry and polygamy. Keywords: Macaca fascicularis, Social behaviors, Mating system IntroductionRegarding with the social organization of Macaca fascicularis Van Noordwijk (1993) described that primate social life is highly complex. They should maintain relationships with other individuals, as well as keep track of dyadic relations within the group. They have to recognize the rank of conspecifics and act accordingly (Nobuyuki, 2010). They must recognize adversaries and make decisions about which individuals to form alliances with. Furthermore, primates exploit social knowledge from the individuals they interact with. In order for primates to manage life in such complex social environments, social skills have got to be acquired and utilized (Janson & van Schaik, 1993). All species of macaques have a multimale, multifemale social organization and a promiscuous mating system in which both males and females generally mate with multiple partners (Soltis, 2001). Despite the knowledge of general aspects of mating behavior in the macaque, information on how mating activity is distributed throughout the female menstrual cycle and to what extent it is temporally related to the timing of ovulation and the female fertile phase does not exist. Although all anthropoid primate species, including macaques, can copulate at any stage of the ovarian cycle, Dominance style depends on the gradient of the hierarchy (Dixson, 1998): despotism signifies that the dominance hierarchy is precipitous. Furthermore, in primates, particularly of the genus macaques, these societies differ in a number of other characteristics: in despotic societies aggression is more unidirectional, social behavior is correlated more strongly with dominance, grouping is less cohesive mate choice is more selective, and male migration is more frequent (Thierry, 1990). Whereas each of these differences between related species is usually explained as a separate adaptatio...

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Section: Social Relationship Of Malesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Social Relationship Of Malesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Anuar¹,

Ullah²

2011

IJB

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“…The chronological age of the skeletons ranged from newborns (0 days old) to 24-year-old adults (9,027 days old). The body weight and length in M. fuscata fuscata continues to increase till 15 years of age [Hamada, 2008], and the longevity of males is known to be as long as 28 years [Fedigan, 1991;Nakamichi et al, 1995;Fedigan and Pavelka, 2001]. Accordingly, our specimens (online suppl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talar Maturity Determined by Epiphyseal Closure of the Calcaneus

Jogahara

Natori²

2012

IJFP

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The talus is used in many kinds of studies on primates including fossil species, and most of the individuals studied are adults. One of the most important indicators of adult individuals is epiphyseal closure; however, because the talus has no epiphysis, it is difficult to determine the maturity of the talus. The calcaneus has one epiphysis, and it has been used along with the talus in some analyses. The objective of this study was to quantify the maturation trajectory of the talus using epiphyseal closure of the calcaneus as a benchmark. We used 71 skeletons of free-ranging Macaca fuscata fuscata males of known day-age. We did not identify any size increase with age in talar dimensions among specimens with complete calcaneal epiphyseal closure. Thus, in male M. fuscatafuscata, the maturation trajectory of the talus can be quantified using epiphyseal closure of the calcaneus as a benchmark.

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“…Males usually leave their natal groups before sexual maturity, join other troops, and acquire status in a male hierarchy according to their physical and social abilities. There is evidence that even alpha males often need the support of dominant females to retain dominance [9].…”

Section: Accumulation Of Ethological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Macaques as Laboratory Animals

et al. 2009

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Abstract:The Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), along with rhesus and long-tailed macaques, is one of the macaca species. In Japan, it has been preferred for use as a laboratory animal, particularly in the field of neuroscience, because of its high level of intelligence and its gentle nature. In addition, the species has a relatively homogeneous genetic background and field researchers have accumulated abundant information on the social behavior of wild Japanese macaques. As future neuroscience research will undoubtedly be more focused on the higher cognitive functions of the brain, including social behavior among multiple individuals, the Japanese macaque can be expected to become even more valuable as a laboratory animal in the near future. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has launched a National BioResource Project (NBRP) to establish a stable breeding and supply system for Japanese macaques for laboratory use. The project is in progress and should lead to the establishment of a National Primate Center in Japan, which will support the supply of monkeys as well as social outreach and handling of animal welfare issues.

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Interactions among adult males and females before and after the death of the alpha male in a free-ranging troop of Japanese macaques

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Talar Maturity Determined by Epiphyseal Closure of the Calcaneus

Japanese Macaques as Laboratory Animals

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