Interaction of Sulfur with Automotive Catalysts and the Impact on Vehicle Emissions-A Review

Truex, Timothy J.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-1543

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Directive 93/59/EEC expanded this requirement to both passenger cars and light trucks. A fundamental prerequisite for the efficient operation of exhaust aftertreatment devices was having fuel with a very low sulfur content [78]. The next steps of Euro standards were preceded by the introduction of more stringent fuel regulations that required maximum gasoline sulfur content of 150 ppm in 2000 and 50 ppm in 2005.…”

Section: Emission Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

et al. 2019

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The particulate matter (PM) emissions of gasoline vehicles were much lower than those of diesel vehicles until the introduction of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the early 2000s. At the same time, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines started to become popular in the market due to their improved efficiency over port fuel injection (PFI) ones. However, the PM mass and number emissions of GDI vehicles were higher than their PFI counterparts and diesel ones equipped with DPFs. Stringent PM mass levels and the introduction of particle number limits for GDI vehicles in the European Union (EU) resulted in significant PM reductions. The EU requirement to fulfill the proposed limits on the road resulted to the introduction of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) in EU GDI models. This review summarizes the evolution of PM mass emissions from gasoline vehicles placed in the market from early 1990s until 2019 in different parts of the world. The analysis then extends to total and nonvolatile particle number emissions. Care is given to reveal the impact of ambient temperature on emission levels. The discussion tries to provide scientific input to the following policy-relevant questions. Whether particle number limits should be extended to gasoline PFI vehicles, whether the lower limit of 23 nm for particle number measurements should be decreased to 10 nm, and whether low ambient temperature tests for PM should be included.

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Section: Emission Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…Theis and co-workers reported that the addition of ceria improved NO x trap sulfur tolerance [4]. It is well known that ceria is able to store sulfur (as sulfate) [5], which may help to protect the main NO x storage component from sulfur poisoning. Additionally, Pt-promoted ceria is known to be a very effective catalyst for the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction [6,7], and the hydrogen produced can be beneficial to LNT regeneration and desulfation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ceria on the Storage and Regeneration Behavior of a Model Lean NO x Trap Catalyst

Toops

Crocker

2007

Catal Lett

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In this study the effect of ceria addition on the performance of a model Ba-based lean NO x trap (LNT) catalyst was examined. The presence of ceria improved NO x storage capacity in the temperature range 200-400°C under both continuous lean and lean-rich cycling conditions. Temperature-programmed experiments showed that NO x stored in the ceria-containing catalyst was thermally less stable and more reactive to reduction with both H 2 and CO as reductants, albeit at the expense of additional reductant consumed by reduction of the ceria. These findings demonstrate that the incorporation of ceria in LNTs not only improves NO x storage efficiency but also positively impacts LNT regeneration behavior.

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“…The recent requirement for fuel sulfur reduction to allow for the use of exhaust catalysts also gave way to the added benefit of particulate reduction [9,10,55]. Fuel sulfur has been shown to contribute to a total particulate matter mass in the form of sulfates [56].…”

Section: Pre-combustion Strategies For Emissions Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Assisted IC Engine Combustion as a Route to Hydrogen Implementation

Boehman¹,

Haworth²

2008

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Interaction of Sulfur with Automotive Catalysts and the Impact on Vehicle Emissions-A Review

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

Effect of Ceria on the Storage and Regeneration Behavior of a Model Lean NO x Trap Catalyst

Hydrogen-Assisted IC Engine Combustion as a Route to Hydrogen Implementation

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