Interaction of Strain AD169 and a Clinical Isolate of Cytomegalovirus with Peripheral Monocytes: The Effect of Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

Abstract

The effect of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and unstimulated monocytes from seronegative donors was studied by using the laboratory-adapted strain AD169 and a recent clinical isolate. LPS-stimulated and unstimulated monocytes infected with the isolate showed expression of immediate-early CMV antigens and were significantly more suppressive for lymphocyte proliferation than were strain AD169-infected monocytes, which rarely expressed detectable viral protein. Human CMV infection of LPS-stimulated and unstimulated monocytes resulted in abrogation of interleukin-1 activity, with the effect being marked in LPS-stimulated monocytes infected with the clinical isolate of CMV. Addition of interleukin-1 to infected, stimulated monocytes completely restored lymphoproliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, whereas addition of this leukokine to infected, unstimulated cells could not restore this response.

Cytomegalovirus induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by human monocytes and mucosal macrophages.

“…4 B) were negative. This rate of (nonproductive) infection corresponds closely to rates ( 1% to 9%) previously reported (33,34), although it is considerably lower than the 40% recently reported by others (35). Among monocytes in the CMV-exposed cultures, 1 per 102 to 1 per 103 monocytes expressed TNF-a transcripts (Fig.…”

Human cytomegalovirus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells induce HIV-1 replication via a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated mechanism.

“…Since the genes for TNF-a and IL-lI3 are regulated independently, it is not surprising that HCMV did not elicit the release of IL-lIf. It should be pointed out, however, that other investigators have shown that the interaction of HCMV with PBMC from seronegative donors is associated with the production of an IL-l inhibitor (33,34) which may play an important role in the immunosuppressive properties of HCMV (35)(36)(37).…”

Activation of Terminally Differentiated Human Monocytes/Macrophages by Dengue Virus: Productive Infection, Hierarchical Production of Innate Cytokines and Chemokines, and the Synergistic Effect of Lipopolysaccharide

“…It is known that viral infections can impair MO/M cytokine production in response to LPS stimulation (1,9,13,26,36,37,56,58). We therefore investigated LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion by DV-infected human MO/M.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that infection with certain viruses impairs the production of cytokines by MO/M in response to bacterial stimulation (1,9,13,26,36,37,56,58). This mechanism of virally induced, MO/M-mediated immunosuppression may partly account for the detrimental outcome of viral infection followed by a superinfection with bacterial pathogens.…”