Interaction of Hydrogen Atoms with Vacancies and Divacancies in bcc Iron

Abstract

The paper presents the results of both ab initio and thermodynamic analysis of vacancy and divacancy formation and hydrogen interaction with them in alpha (bcc) iron. Ab initio calculations were performed by DFT method using LAPW in WIEN2k package. Monovacancy formation energy was found to be 2.15 eV and divacancy binding energy 0.22 ± 0.01 eV. Equlibrium fraction of vacancies bound into divacancies is of the order of 10–5 even at the highest temperatures close to bcc → fcc transformation point. Hydrogen has a strong interaction with monovacancies (vacancy-hydrogen binding energy decreasing from 0.60 to 0.31 eV for the first–fifth H atom inside a single vacancy) but has only a small effect on divacancy formation energy that is equal to 0.28, 0.19 and 0.17 for the case of joining of VH + V, VH + VH and VH2 + VH2, respectively. This means that the presence of hydrogen cannot significantly increase the equilibrium concentration of divacancies.

The Potential of the Internal Friction Technique to Evaluate the Role of Vacancies and Dislocations in the Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels

“…Many DFT calculations indicate a strong interaction between vacancies and hydrogen in bcc iron. [34][35][36][37][38][39]43,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90] In general, it is found that the binding energy of a hydrogen atom to a monovacancy is %0.6 eV. Moreover, also clusters of multiple hydrogen atoms around one vacancy can be formed and one vacancy can accommodate up to six hydrogen atoms.…”