Interaction of epoxy and vinyl ethers during photoinitiated cationic polymerization

Rajaraman, Surésh K.; Mowers, William A.; Crivello, James V.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19991101)37:21<4007::aid-pola15>3.0.co;2-8

Cited by 62 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Different examples can be given: acrylate/epoxide, (e.g., hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA)/3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3'4' epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate (EPOX)), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA)/EPOX, TMPTA/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A based epoxy resin EP, TMPTA/tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (DVE-3), TMPTA/4-cyclo-hexane dimethanol divinyl ether (CHVE), fluorinated acrylate/epoxide, vinylether/acrylate, vinylether/maleate, vinylether/maleimide or oxetane/acrylate blends, (see e.g., in [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]) anthracene-labeled polystyrene/methyl methacrylate MMA/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [36], polyisobutene/polystyrene [37], polyacrylate/polybenzoxazine [38], acrylic/liquid crystals [39,40], 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone [41], polyurethane/poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [42], calcium alginate/dextran-HEMA [43].…”

Section: Monomers For the Manufacture Of Ipns Through Photopolymerizasupporting

confidence: 87%

Photochemical Production of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Simultaneous Initiation of Radical and Cationic Polymerization Reactions

Fouassier

Lalevée

2014

Polymers

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Abstract:In this paper, we propose to review the ways to produce, through photopolymerization, interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) based, e.g., on acrylate/epoxide or acrylate/vinylether blends and to outline the recent developments that allows a one-step procedure (concomitant radical/cationic polymerization), under air or in laminate, under various irradiation conditions (UV/visible/near IR; high/low intensity sources; monochromatic/polychromatic sources; household lamps/laser diodes/Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)). The paper illustrates the encountered mechanisms and the polymerization profiles. A short survey on the available monomer systems and some brief examples of the attained final properties of the IPNs is also provided.

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Section: Monomers For the Manufacture Of Ipns Through Photopolymerizasupporting

confidence: 87%

Photochemical Production of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Simultaneous Initiation of Radical and Cationic Polymerization Reactions

Fouassier

Lalevée

2014

Polymers

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“…This effect is attributed to the conversion of the alkoxycarbenium ion into the less reactive oxonium ion. [77] …”

Section: Uv Radiation Curing Of Bis(cycloaliphatic) Diepoxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study and New Applications of UV Radiation Curing

Decker

2002

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

615

448

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Highly crosslinked polymers can be readily synthesized by photoinitiated polymerization of multifunctional monomers or functionalized polymers. The reaction can be followed in situ by real‐time infrared (RT‐IR) spectroscopy, a technique that records conversion versus time curves in photosensitive resins undergoing ultrafast polymerization upon UV exposure. For acrylate‐based resins, UV‐curing proceeds with long kinetic chains (7700 mol/radical) in spite of the high initiation rate. RT‐IR spectroscopy proved very valuable in assessing the influence of various parameters, such as initiation efficiency, chemical structure of the telechelic oligomer, light intensity, inhibitory effect of oxygen, on polymerization kinetics. Interpenetrating polymer networks can be rapidly synthesized by means of UV irradiation of a mixture of difunctional acrylate and epoxy monomers in the presence of both radical and cationic‐type photoinitiators. The same UV technology can be applied to crosslink solid polymers at ambient temperature, which bear different types of reactive groups (acrylate and vinyl double bonds, epoxy ring). UV radiation curing has been successfully used to produce within seconds weathering resistant protective coatings, high‐resolution relief images, glass laminates and nanocomposites materials.Photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization.magnified imagePhotoinitiated crosslinking polymerization.

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“…Towards this goal, interest has turned to the evaluation of alternative polymerization schemes, such as hybrid or interpenetrating networks (IPNs). More specifically, hybrid polymerizations, systems where one or both of the monomers used in the polymerization contain functional groups which are polymerizable by multiple curing methods [1], and IPNs, polymer networks that are cured simultaneously using separate polymerization mechanisms and physically interlock [2][3][4], offer synergistic material properties in the resultant material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and control of thiol–ene/thiol–epoxy hybrid networks

Carioscia

Stansbury

Bowman

2007

Polymer

194

191

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The development of thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy hybrid networks offers the advantage of tailorable polymerization kinetics while producing a highly crosslinked, high T g polymer that has significantly reduced shrinkage stress. Stoichiometric mixtures of pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP)/triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TATATO) (thiol-ene, mixture 1) and PETMP/ bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (BADGE) (thiol-epoxy, mixture 2) were prepared and hybrid mixtures of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 10/90 w/w of mixtures 1 and 2 were polymerized using a combination of both radical and anionic initiation. The light exposure timing and the relative initiation conditions of the two types were used to control the order and relative rates of the radical and anionic polymerizations. The 50/50 w/w thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy hybrid material exhibited a final stress of only 0.2 MPa, which is 90 % lower than the stress developed in a control dimethacrylate resin. Kinetic analysis indicates composition affects network development in thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy hybrid networks and produces materials with robust mechanical properties.

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Interaction of epoxy and vinyl ethers during photoinitiated cationic polymerization

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Photochemical Production of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Simultaneous Initiation of Radical and Cationic Polymerization Reactions

Photochemical Production of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Simultaneous Initiation of Radical and Cationic Polymerization Reactions

Kinetic Study and New Applications of UV Radiation Curing

Evaluation and control of thiol–ene/thiol–epoxy hybrid networks

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