Interaction of Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells with Cobalt–Chromium Alloy Surfaces Coated with Paclitaxel Deposited Self-Assembled Monolayers

Abstract

The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a polymer-free platform to deliver an antiproliferative drug, paclitaxel (PAT), from a stent material cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy has been previously demonstrated. In this study, the interaction of human aortic endothelial cells (ECs) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with CoCr alloy surfaces coated with SAMs- (SAMs-CoCr) and PAT-deposited SAMs (PAT-SAMs-CoCr) was investigated. A polished CoCr with no coatings was used as a control. The viability, proliferation, morphology, and phenotype of ECs and SMCs were investigated on these samples. SAMs-CoCr significantly enhanced the growth of ECs. Also, the ECs were well spreading with its typical morphological features and showed stronger PECAM-1 expression on SAMs-CoCr. This showed that the SAMs-CoCr surface is conducive to endothelialization. For PAT-SAMs-CoCr, although the adhesion of ECs was lower, the cells continued to proliferate with some degree of spreading and limited PECAM-1 expression. For SMCs, a significant decrease in the cell proliferation was observed on SAMs-CoCr when compared with that of Control-CoCr. PAT-SAMs-CoCr showed maximum inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SMCs. Also, the SMCs on PAT-SAMs-CoCr displayed a poorly spread discoid morphology with disarranged α-actin filaments. This showed that the PAT released from the SAMs platform successfully inhibited the growth of SMCs. Thus, this study showed the interaction of ECs and SMCs with SAMs-CoCr and PAT-SAMs-CoCr for potential uses in stents and other cardiovascular medical devices.

Dextran sulfate as a drug delivery platform for drug‐coated balloons: Preparation, characterization, in vitro drug elution, and smooth muscle cell response

“…The viability and proliferation of SMCs were measured using resazurin fluorometric assay as we reported previously 8, 9. For observing cell morphology, the SMCs were stained with fluorescein diacetate and imaged using fluorescence microscopy as we reported previously 8, 9.…”

“…For observing cell morphology, the SMCs were stained with fluorescein diacetate and imaged using fluorescence microscopy as we reported previously 8, 9. The phenotype of SMCs was studied by immunofluorescence using smooth muscle α‐actin primary antibody, goat anti‐mouse IgG‐FITC secondary antibody, and propidium iodide for staining the nucleus.…”

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effect of excipients in local delivery of paclitaxel using microporous infusion balloon catheters

“…15 However, for the damaged cells, a weak expression of SM a-actin is observed with disarranged a-actin filaments. 15 Immunofluorescence microscopy images of SMCs in the control wells and the cells treated with Cremophor-PAT and nab-PAT are provided in Figure 6(A-C). The immunofluorescence images were not obtained for Urea-PAT and iodixanol-PAT samples, since there were no cells to observe in the former case whereas the cell behavior was similar to that of control wells in the latter case.…”

“…The cell viability and proliferation at days-1, 3, and 5 were quantitatively determined using the resazurin cell viability assay kit (Biotium, Hayward, CA) as we previously reported. 15,16 The cell morphology was observed using an Axiovert 200 M phasecontrast microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) at days-1, 3, and 5. The cell phenotype was studied by immunofluorescent microscopy as we previously reported.…”

“…The cell phenotype was studied by immunofluorescent microscopy as we previously reported. 15,16 For SMCs, the primary and secondary antibodies used were smooth muscle a-actin and goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC, respectively. For ECs, the primary and secondary antibodies used were PECAM-1 and goat anti-rabbit IgG-FITC, respectively.…”