Interaction of Endosulfan and malathion with blue-green algae Anabaena and Aulosira fertilissima

Pesticide Effects on Soil Algae and Cyanobacteria

“…In the same study, another organochlorine insecticide, endosulfan (here used as the commercial preparation Thiodan®), was algistatic at 1 ppm and algicidal at higher concentrations. Tandon et al (1988) also observed an inhibitory effect of 1 ppm endosulfan on an Anabaena species and also Aulosira Jertilissima. At 20 ppm, the inhibition was greater than 50%, and at 50 ppm, Anabaena was completely bleached.…”

“…The data clearly reveal that the deleterious effects of pesticides on soil algae and cyanobacteria may be attributable not only to herbicides, but also to other types of pesticides formerly believed to be comparatively harmless to these organisms (McCann and Cullimore 1979). Finally, there has been a greater emphasis since 1979 on the examination of the response of soil algae and cyanobacteria to mixtures of pesticides (Stratton 1983;Tandon et al 1988). This is encouraging, since in rare instances would any pesticide be present in isolation in the soil.…”

“…losira fertilissima, Nostoc sp (Sharma and Gaur 1981), and Wollea bharadwajae (Kar and Singh 1979a). Organisms used by other workers were Anabaena sp (Tandon et al 1988); Anabaena flos-aquae (Chinnaswamy and Patel 1983); Anabaena iyengarii (Sardeshpande and Goyal 1982); Aulosira fertilissima (Tandon et al 1988); Aulosira sp (Gangawane 1979); Calothrix braunii (Kaushik and Venkataraman 1983); Calothrix membranacea (Sardeshpande and Goyal 1982); Hapalosiphon fontinalis (Kaushik and Venkataraman 1983); Hapalosiphon intricatus (Sardeshpande and Goyal 1982); Hapalosiphon welwitschii var. vaginatus (Kaushik and Venkataraman 1983); Nostoc linckia ; Nostoc muscorum (Kar and Singh 1978, 1979a, 1979bVaishampayan 1985); Nostoc sp (Gangawane 1979); Tolypothrix tenuis (Grant and Alexander 1981); Tolypothrix sp (Gangawane 1979); Westiellopsis prolifica (Kaushik and Venkataraman 1983); and Westiellopsis sp (Gangawane 1979).…”

Effect of Lindane on the Growth and Metabolic Activities Of Cyanobacteria

“…Besides being a N "xer, it is used for the reclamation of barren and alkaline soil, as a biofertilizer, as organic manure, and for the wetland cultivation of paddy. Among various specie of Cyanobacteria, Anabaena is known to be most promising for dinitrogen "xation in waterlogged paddy "elds (Singh et al, 1986;Tandon et al, 1988). However, agrochemical residue present in soil is likely to inhibit the biofertilizer potential of Cyanobacteria depending upon the dose and time of exposure and individual characteristics of the organism (E-dib et al, 1989).…”

Influence of bispyribac sodium on nitrogenase activity and growth of cyanobacteria isolated from paddy fields

“…However, bispyribac-sodium inhibits the synthesis of key aminoacids causing susceptible plants to stop growing and die within about two to three weeks (Slade et al, 2006). Many reports available indicate interaction between cyanobacteria and herbicides, including effects of herbicides on algal growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, biochemical composition and metabolic activities as well as degradation and removal of herbicides by algae and cyanobacteria (Lundqvist, 1970;Ibrahim, 1972;Singh, 1974;Dasilva et al, 1975;Tiwari et al, 1981;Maule and Wright, 1983;Stratton, 1984;Mattoo et al, 1984;El-Sawy et al, 1984;Singh et al, 1986;Goyal, 1986;Tandon and Lal, 1988;Singh and Tiwari, 1988;Mishra and Pandey, 1989a;Bhuniaa et al, 1991;Leganés and Fernández-Valiente, 1992;El Sheekh et al, 1994;Caux et al, 1996;Jeong-Dong and Choul-Gyun, 2006;).…”