Interaction of dietary energy levels and culture density on growth performance and metabolic and oxidative status of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Interactive effects of dietary Nano selenium and vitamin E on growth, haematology, innate immune responses, antioxidant status and muscle composition of rainbow trout under high rearing density

“…Serum glucose concentration was not different among all experimental groups in our study. In chronic stressful situation, glucose concentrations do not remain high due to homeostatic mechanisms to maintain glucose within normal limits, as confirmed in some studies (Lupatsch et al, ; Naderi et al, ; Suárez et al, ).…”

“…Previous studies have revealed the role of vitamin E in regulating the stress response in fish (Belo et al, ; Montero et al, ; Trenzado et al, ). Moreover, the beneficial role of vitamin E on growth and feed utilization of fish has been reported (Li et al, ; Liu et al, ; Suárez et al, ; Trenzado et al, ). In the present study, final weight, WG and feed intake were significantly higher in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin E (Vit E and Combination groups) as compared to other groups.…”

“…The results of this study also demonstrated that high rearing density without dietary supplementation (Control group) produced a chronic stressful situation. The stress caused by high‐density activates metabolic changes (activation of the catabolic pathways and mobilization of energy stores) to cope with the higher energy requirements (Lupatsch, Santos, Schrama, & Verreth, ; Suárez et al, ; Vijayan et al, ) therefore accelerates the metabolic rate of fish (Barton & Iwama, ) and suppresses fish growth (Naderi et al, ; Suárez et al, ; Vijayan et al, ).…”

“…High rearing density can produce undesired side‐effects and activate stress response (Wendelaar Bonga, ). Stress due to high rearing density also has deleterious effects on growth performance, feed intake, feed efficiency, digestibility of nutrients, immune and antioxidant responses, disease resistance and welfare in farmed rainbow trout (Ellis et al, ; McKenzie et al, ; Pickering & Pottinger, ; Suárez et al, ; Trenzado, Higuera, & Morales, ).…”

Combined or individual effects of dietary magnesium and selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, immunity, blood biochemistry and antioxidant status of Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ) reared in freshwater

“…The serum activity of AST and ALT can be used for the evaluation of liver function as they are released into the blood during injury or damage to the hepatocytes (Dawood, Koshio, Ishikawa, & Yokoyama, ). Furthermore, the increased activity, within certain limits, may indicate an active protein metabolism (Suárez et al, ). In this study, higher AST and ALT that are found in the combination group could suggest that the fish experienced some kind of chronic stress.…”