Combined or individual effects of dietary magnesium and selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, immunity, blood biochemistry and antioxidant status of Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ) reared in freshwater

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate effects of and interactions between nanoselenium (NanoSe) and nanomagnesium (NanoMg) on growth, humoral immunity, serum biochemistry and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Asian seabass Lates calcarifer reared in freshwater. Four groups of fish with an average weight of 32.78 ± 2.23 g were fed one of the experimental diets for 6 weeks: (a) control (basal diet); (b) NanoSe (basal diet + 4 mg NanoSe/kg diet); (c) NanoMg (basal diet + 500 mg NanoMg/kg diet); and (d) combination (basal diet + 4 mg NanoSe/kg diet + 500 mg NanoMg/kg diet). Fish fed with NanoSe‐supplemented diets (NanoSe and combination) showed higher weight gain, specific growth rate and feed intake. The combination of NanoSe and NanoMg enhanced the immune response. Also, fish fed on combination diet showed higher serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels but lower glucose concentration. The activities of liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were not different among all groups, but liver malondialdehyde level was lower in fish fed diets supplemented with NanoSe and/or NanoMg. It could be concluded that NanoSe improved growth performance; the combination of both NanoSe and NanoMg enhanced humoral immunity; and NanoSe and/or NanoMg improved antioxidant capacity in Asian seabass.

Interactive effects of stocking density and dietary supplementation with Nano selenium and garlic extract on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes, stress responses, and antioxidant capacity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

“…Yu et al (2020) demonstrated that optimal dietary Nano Se increased antioxidant capacity and resistance to hypoxia stress in grass carp. Moreover, dietary Nano Se (4 mg kg −1 diet) significantly improved antioxidant status and decreased lipid peroxidation in Asian sea bass (Longbaf Dezfouli et al, 2019). Similarly, the highest antioxidant enzyme activities and the lowest MDA levels were observed in common carp fed on 2 mg Nano Se per kg diet (Ashouri et al, 2015).…”

Immune responses and protective efficacy of diet supplementation with selenium nanoparticles against cadmium toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus

“…The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to activation of immune cells and production as well as the release of further cytokines (Dawood et al, 2020a,b). Therefore, in the past when the term 'cytokine storm' arose, it explained inflammation as a sudden release of cytokines to upregulate an inflammatory process (Tisoncik et al, 2012 (Zhou et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2009;Khan et al, 2016;Longbaf Dezfouli et al, 2019;Dawood et al, 2019;and Dawood et al, 2020a,b). Kumar et al, (2018) reported that, in P. hypophthalmus exposed to Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, diet supplementation with Se-NPs (1 mg/kg) induced higher relative % survival and lower cumulative mortality compared with a control diet.…”

“…auratus ), olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ), Asian sea bass ( Lates calcarifer ), red sea bream ( Pagrus major ), Nile tilapia ( O . niloticus ), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), rohu ( Labeo rohita ), yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi ) and Pangasinodon hypophthalmus (Zhou et al, 2009; Lee et al, 2009; Khan et al, 2016; Longbaf Dezfouli et al, 2019; Dawood et al, 2019; and Dawood et al, 2020a,b). Kumar et al, (2018) reported that, in P .…”

“…Selenium is an essential element in non-enzymatic antioxidant system and absolute requirement for glutathione peroxidase which protects the cell membrane against oxidative damage (Talas et al, 2008). In addition to this, it is one of the vital micronutrients that should be included in fish feed formulations for optimal growth and fertility (Longbaf Dezfouli et al, 2019). Despite the potential benefits of selenium on fish physiology, biochemistry and immunology, concern has been growing regarding its toxic effect at high levels (Mechlaoui et al, 2019).…”

Dietary magnesium requirement on dietary minerals and physiological function of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii♀ × Acipenser baerii♂)

“…As an essential cofactor in glutathione biosynthesis, Mg can inhibit lipid peroxidation by preventing exhaustion of glutathione, which showed similar results as the serum GPx activity in response to low-Mg diets (Zhang et al 2016). In the current study, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx were positively correlated with the concentration of Mg. MDA is the final product of lipid peroxidation and an important indicator of membrane injury caused by free radicals (Longbaf Dezfouli et al 2019). Mohammad and Khan (2018) reported that the antioxidant status of Rohu improved with the inclusion of dietary Mg levels up to 460 mg kg −1 diet and then stabilized in groups fed higher levels of Mg, whereas the reverse pattern was observed for the MDA content.…”