Interaction of Aquatic Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM) with Amitrole: The Nature of the Bound Residues

Klaus, Uwe; Oesterreich, T.; Volk, Matthias; Spiteller, Michael

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-401x(199811)26:6<311::aid-aheh311>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although the interactions of hydrophilic organic compounds with HS is little studied, clear indications from molecular modelling do exist for water soluble compounds, such as hydroxyatrazine, peptide and saccharides that hydrogen bonds appear to be the most important bond type (Schulten and Leinweber, 2000). However, further bond types, including covalent and non‐covalent bonds such as charge transfer and occlusion within the HS matrix, may exist (Klaus et al., 1998a,b). An adsorption of formalin to HS/NOM is probable, hence reducing the free formalin concentration and its subsequent fish toxicity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde toxicity is altered by calcium and organic matter

et al. 2005

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Formaldehyde is one of the shortlist substances permitted for use in aquaculture. Toxicity of formaldehyde and therapeutical success is influenced by water parameters. However, there is a lack of information on the interaction of organic carbon and calcium (Ca 2+ ) on the toxicity of formaldehyde. Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the combined effects of Ca 2+ and natural organic matter (NOM) on formaldehyde toxicity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to five concentrations of formaldehyde for 144 h. Juveniles exposed to high concentrations died; the embryos exposed to low concentrations were unable to hatch, particularly visible in the groups without NOM. The toxicity-reducing effects of NOM are not attributable to the presence of Ca 2+ .

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde toxicity is altered by calcium and organic matter

et al. 2005

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“…Adsorption of anthropogenic organic compounds to particulate matter leads to the formation of an extractable fraction and a nonextractable fraction. The latter is characterized by interactions with geomacromolecules, e.g., humic compounds, covering the range from reversible adsorptive or van-der-Waals forces to reversible or irreversible covalent bonds ( − ). These associations prevent the extraction of such compounds, termed bound residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Non-Extractable DDT-Related Compounds in Riverine Sediments of the Teltow Canal, Berlin, by Pyrolysis and Thermochemolysis

Kronimus

Schwarzbauer

Ricking

2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Eighteen pre-extracted samples derived from a subaquatic riverine sediment core taken from the Teltow Canal, Berlin (Germany), were treated by off-line TMAH-thermochemolysis and subsequently analyzed by GC-MS to investigate release and thermodegradation of non-extractable anthropogenic organic compounds (bound residues). Furthermore, six selected samples from the lower core section were additionally treated by off-line pyrolysis. Due to former investigations of the extractable fraction of Teltow Canal sediments, high amounts of compounds structurally related to the pesticide DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) were anticipated within the nonextractable fraction. It has been shown that DDT-related bound residues can be gathered by pyrolysis and TMAH-thermochemolysis. Among other compounds, the experiments revealed two DDT-related degradation products (DDPU (3,3-bis(4-chlorphenyl)-1-propene) and DDPS (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)propane)) which were detected for the first time in the environment. The latter compounds may represent formerly unknown metabolites or hints for the existence of carbon-carbon incorporated DDT-metabolites. Both methods tend to produce artifacts which complicate the interpretation of the results. With more knowledge on mechanisms occurring during application of pyrolysis and thermochemolysis, both methods can serve as valuable tools for analyzing bound residues in sediments.

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“…This causes a partial disintegration of the three-dimensional cage-like structures of soil organic matter and leads to a release of physically entrapped molecules into organic solvent. This method was successfully used to examine the character of binding of different soil xenobiotics such as cyprodinil (31), anilazine (32), and amitrole (33). These parent compounds were released from soil fractions by silylation, which indicated that they were sequestered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Immobilized TNT Derivatives in Soil as a Function of Nitro Group Reduction

Achtnich

Lenke

Klaus

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The stability of soil bound metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was investigated. Highly TNT-contaminated soil from a former production site was spiked with [ring-UL-14C]TNT. An anaerobic short-term treatment (8 days) was carried out and compared with a previously described long-term anaerobic (51 day) treatment. In the short-term experiment the anaerobic treatment was stopped to examine the early-stage effects of the reduction process on the stability of TNT derivatives in soil at the time of the maximum accumulation of aminodinitrotoluenes, whereas the long-term anaerobic treatment was continued until the formation of triaminotoluene. In contrast to the soil from long-term anaerobic treatment, no significant reduction of aminodinitrotoluenes to diaminonitrotoluenes was observed after short-term anaerobic treatment, and the binding of reduced metabolites to the soil was incomplete. In both experiments the anaerobic phase was followed by an aerobic treatment. After the short-term anaerobic/aerobic treatment only 40% of the initial radioactivity was bound to the soil compared to 98% after the extended anaerobic incubation. A significant amount of this bound radioactivity could be released into organic solvents by silylation. The silylation extracts were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and radiocounting. The released radioactivity from silylation after the long-term treatment was attributed to polar compounds cross-linked with humic material. For the silylated extracts after short-term anaerobic treatment conditions, a significant amount of released radioactivity (28%) found in fractions was attributed to TNT and aminodinitrotoluenes. This study indicates that with a shorter duration of the anaerobic phase in the overall treatment, physically entrapped (sequestered) metabolites remain in the soil. To eliminate physical entrapment, TNT derivatives should be completely reduced by a sufficiently extended anaerobic treatment.

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Interaction of Aquatic Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM) with Amitrole: The Nature of the Bound Residues

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Formaldehyde toxicity is altered by calcium and organic matter

Formaldehyde toxicity is altered by calcium and organic matter

Analysis of Non-Extractable DDT-Related Compounds in Riverine Sediments of the Teltow Canal, Berlin, by Pyrolysis and Thermochemolysis

Stability of Immobilized TNT Derivatives in Soil as a Function of Nitro Group Reduction

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