Interaction mechanisms between Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) and epiphytes

Gómez, Patricio

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1998-6_43

Cited by 40 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…One is that, in normal farming conditions, the multispecies epiphytic assemblage includes components that may persist throughout the year and others that fluctuate seasonally. The types of epiphyte prevailing will determine the degree of negative effects on the farmed host (Buschmann & Go´mez, 1993;Pizarro & Santelices, 1993;Buschmann et al, 2001). Whereas the main pests for Gracilaria farming in the south of Chile are Polysiphoniatype epiphytes and tube-forming herbivorous polychaetes, crustacean grazers and fouling mussels (Retamales & Buschmann, 1996;Buschmann et al, 1997a, b;Buschmann et al, 2001), the studied farm in Caldera, in the north of Chile, was mainly affected by small sized epiphytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These conditions are known to make the host more susceptible to pests in general and to epiphytes in particular (Friedlander, 1992). Competition between hosts and their epiphytes has been demonstrated under natural and artificial conditions of growth (Arrontes, 1990;Friedlander & Ben-Amotz, 1991;Svirski et al, 1993), and the extent of the damage is clearly determined by the intensity of the infections (Cancino et al, 1987;Buschmann & Go´mez, 1993). Farming of Gracilaria chilensis is a clear example of how detrimental epiphytes may become (Kuschel & Buschmann, 1991;Pizarro & Santelices, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity, phenomenology and epidemiology of epiphytism in farmedGracilaria chilensis(Rhodophyta) in northern Chile

Leonardi

Miravalles

Faugeron

et al. 2006

European Journal of Phycology

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This study identified the most common epiphytes infecting the algal host Gracilaria chilensis on a farm in northern Chile. Simultaneously, the types of host-epiphyte interfaces were characterized and their relative abundance and temporal variability were monitored. Five types of anatomical relationships were detected. Infection type I included the epiphytes weakly attached to the surface of the host and not associated with damage of host tissues (i.e. Hincksia mitchelliae, H. granulosa and Ectocarpus acutus). Infection type II included those epiphytes strongly attached to the surface of the host but not associated with any host tissue damage (i.e. Acrochaetium sp., Antithamnionella sp. and Colpomenia sinuosa). Infection type III included all the epiphytes that penetrated the outer layer of the host wall without damaging its cortical cells (i.e. Xenococcus sp. and Sahlingia subintegra). Infection type IV included epiphytes penetrating deep into the host cell wall, disorganizing the cortical tissue (i.e. Ulva lactuca and Acrosorium corallinarum). Infection type V included epiphytes that penetrated deeply into the cortex, reached the medullary tissue and caused destruction of the host's cells in the area around the infection (i.e. Ceramium rubrum and Polysiphonia harveyi). Prevalence varied with time and with infection type, with types II and III reaching up to 80% and 90% of the thalli respectively. Severity of epiphyte infection was similar to the distribution of infection prevalence, with crustose epiphytes colonizing up to 80% of the host surface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, phenomenology and epidemiology of epiphytism in farmedGracilaria chilensis(Rhodophyta) in northern Chile

Leonardi

Miravalles

Faugeron

et al. 2006

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Differences in sizes of the fronds could be related to the influence of the epiphytic algae over the growth and survival of the macroalgae substratum. Epiphytes may reduce the photosynthetic rates of the macroalgae and increase branch fragmentation (Buschmann and Gomez, 1993). As several species of filamentous epiphytic algae grow especially in the uppermost portion of the branches, they may promote the loss of those portions (Széchy and Paula, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation in Sargassum Biomass, Hypnea epiphytism and associated fauna

Leite

Turra

2003

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…For example, studies of Gracilaria sp. farming in Chile, which mainly focused on epiphytes (Buschmann & Gómez 1993, Fletcher 1995, Leonardi et al 2006) and kelp farming in Asia, with a focus on fouling hydroids and copepods (Park et al 1990, Park & Hwang 2012. However, due to the slower growth of the cultivation industry in Europe, research on associated epibionts has only begun more recently (Peteiro & Freire 2013b, Førde et al 2016, Walls et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences

Walls¹,

Edwards²,

Firth³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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There has been an increase in commercial-scale kelp cultivation in Europe, with fouling of cultivated kelp fronds presenting a major challenge to the growth and development of the industry. The presence of epibionts decreases productivity and impacts the commercial value of the crop. Several abiotic and biotic factors may influence the occurrence and degree of fouling of wild and cultivated fronds. Using a commercial kelp farm on the SW coast of Ireland, we studied the development of fouling communities on cultivated Alaria esculenta fronds over 2 typical growing seasons. The predictability of community development was assessed by comparing mean occurrence-day. Hypotheses that depth, kelp biomass, position within the farm and the hydrodynamic environment affect the fouling communities were tested using species richness and community composition. Artificial kelp mimics were used to test whether local frond density could affect the fouling communities. Species richness increased over time during both years, and species composition was consistent over years with early successional communities converging into later communities (no significant differences between June 2014 and June 2015 communities, ANOSIM; R = −0.184, p > 0.05). The timing of species occurrences was predictable across years for all shared species. Variations in biomass, depth and position within the farm had no significant effect on species richness and composition. Results from artificial kelp mimics suggest possible hydrodynamic effects. The ability to understand succession and the timing of occurrences of fouling organisms and predict their arrival has significant benefits for the seaweed cultivation industry.

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Interaction mechanisms between Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) and epiphytes

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Diversity, phenomenology and epidemiology of epiphytism in farmedGracilaria chilensis(Rhodophyta) in northern Chile

Diversity, phenomenology and epidemiology of epiphytism in farmedGracilaria chilensis(Rhodophyta) in northern Chile

Temporal variation in Sargassum Biomass, Hypnea epiphytism and associated fauna

Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences

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