Interaction Effects of Lipoprotein Lipase Polymorphisms with Lifestyle on Lipid Levels in a Korean Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays an essential role in the regulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride levels, which have been closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Genetic studies in European have shown that LPL single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with lipid levels. However, studies about the influence of interactions between LPL SNPs and lifestyle factors have not been sufficiently performed. Here, we examine if LPL polymorphisms, as well as their interaction with lifestyle factors, influence lipid concentrations in a Korean population. A two-stage association study was performed using genotype data for SNPs on the LPL gene, including the 3' flanking region from 7,536 (stage 1) and 3,703 (stage 2) individuals. The association study showed that 15 SNPs and 4 haplotypes were strongly associated with HDLC (lowest p = 2.86 × 10 -22 ) and triglyceride levels (lowest p = 3.0 × 10 -15 ). Interactions between LPL polymorphisms and lifestyle factors (lowest p = 9.6 × 10 -4 ) were also observed on lipid concentrations. These findings suggest that there are interaction effects of LPL polymorphisms with lifestyle variables, including energy intake, fat intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as effects of LPL polymorphisms themselves, on lipid concentrations in a Korean population.

A Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Polymorphism Interacts with Consumption of Alcohol and Unsaturated Fat to Modulate Serum HDL-Cholesterol Concentrations

“…Previous epidemiological studies found significant interactions of the LPL polymorphism with smoking (14), physical activity (14), alcohol consumption (12,15), and intake of dietary fat (15,16), although no significant interaction for alcohol consumption was reported (11). Inconsistent findings regarding alcohol consumption may be partly due to an unclear cause-and-effect relation in a cross-sectional design.…”

“…Recently, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed common genetic factors that are associated with the HDL-C concentration in blood and demonstrated strong evidence for the LPL gene involvement (7)(8)(9)(10). Furthermore, some cross-sectional studies have reported LPL gene-lifestyle interactions in association with HDL-C or TG concentrations (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). However, such interactions have not been examined in prospective studies.…”

Lipoprotein Lipase Polymorphism rs10503669 is Associated with High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Korean Population

“…The associations between genotypes and phenotypes can be modified by gene-environment interactions. Effect modification of the associations between LPL SNPs and serum lipid concentrations by interactions with cigarette smoking has been reported (Lee et al, 2004;Kathiresan et al, 2008;Kooner et al, 2008;Pyun et al, 2012;Mo et al, 2013). In the present study, association of the LPL SNP with HDL cholesterol by smoking status was also examined.…”

Association of lipoprotein lipase polymorphism rs2197089 with serum lipid concentrations and LPL gene expression

“…16 In support of this hypothesis, significant interactions have been observed between LPL gene polymorphisms and environmental factors, such as smoking, [17][18][19][20][21] gender, 17,22 alcohol consumption, 20 dietary, [23][24][25] physical activity 18,26 and obesity. 24,[27][28][29][30][31][32] However, results from other studies did not support some of these findings for interaction between LPL SNPs and smoking, 24,33,34 gender, 24 alcohol consumption, 24,33 dietary, 35,36 physical activity 20,25 and obesity. 20,37,38 The association between rs2197089 and lipid concentrations was less reported in the Chinese Han population, and so was the interaction of this SNP with risk factors on lipid concentrations.…”