Interaction between the muscle metaboreflex and central command – A clearer picture of cardiorespiratory control during exercise

Holwerda, Seth W.; Vianna, Lauro C.

doi:10.1113/ep087939

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies postulate the importance of neural or central control in VR during exercise ( Harms, 2007 ; Moreno et al, 2014 ; Luks, 2015 ; Holwerda and Vianna, 2019 ; Lam et al, 2019 ). The metaboreflex, i.e., the possibility that the respiratory center is modified by afferent inputs from metabolic feedback originating in the active skeletal muscle, has received increasing attention during the last century ( Holwerda and Vianna, 2019 ; Lam et al, 2019 ). Dempsey et al (2006) hypothesized that high energy (intensities greater than 80% of VO 2max ) and circulatory demand by sustained hyperventilation are necessary to activate the metaboreflex, provoking an increase in the sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow, causing a reduced blood flow to skeletal muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypoxemia and subsequent hypoxia are consequences of lower inspired pressure of oxygen (PiO 2 ) caused by the drop in the arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) ( Luks, 2015 ). An increase in ventilation is the first response mechanism once chemosensitive structures in the medulla and carotid bodies perceive hypoxia ( Holwerda and Vianna, 2019 ). A ventilatory response (VR) is key to maintaining blood oxygen levels during acute exposure to HA and buffering lactic acidosis during exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple mechanisms can influence the VR to hypoxia ( Dempsey et al, 2006 ; Harms, 2007 ; Moreno et al, 2014 ; Holwerda and Vianna, 2019 ; Lam et al, 2019 ). Applying the circulatory occlusion method that induces local hypoxia in the locomotor muscles during exercise, researchers have revealed that the afferent feedback from contracting skeletal muscle to the central respiratory system contributes to exercise hyperpnea ( Holwerda and Vianna, 2019 ; Lam et al, 2019 ). In addition, metaboreflex can also be activated by fatigue of the respiratory muscles during high-intensity exercise (>80% maximal oxygen consumption, VO 2max ), allowing the blood flow to be redistributed, favoring the perfusion of the respiratory muscles, and decreasing the perfusion of the locomotor muscles, enhancing the oxygenation of hypoxemic blood ( Dempsey et al, 2006 ; Harms, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximal pulmonary ventilation and lactate affect the anaerobic performance in young women exposed to hypobaric hypoxia

Paéz

Rodríguez-Fernández²,

Silva-Urra³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Athletes, tourists, and mining workers from all over the world ascend daily to an altitude greater than 3.000 meters above sea level to perform different activities, all of which demand physical effort. A ventilation increase is the first mechanism once the chemoreceptors perceive hypoxia, and is key to maintaining blood oxygen levels during acute exposure to high altitudes and to buffering lactic acidosis during exercise. It has been observed that gender is a variable that can influence the ventilatory response. Still, the available literature is limited due to the few studies considering women as study subjects. The influence of gender on anaerobic performance and its effects under high altitudes (HA) environments have been poorly studied.Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate anaerobic performance in young women exposed to high altitudes and to compare the physiological response to multiple sprints between women and men measured by ergospirometry.Methodology: Nine women and nine men (22.9 ± 3.2 years old) carried out the multiple-sprint anaerobic tests under two conditions, sea level and high altitudes.Results: In the first 24 h of exposure to a high altitudes, lactate levels were higher in women than those in men (2.57 ± 0.4 Mmol/L, 2.18 ± 0.3 Mmol/L, respectively; p < 0.05). Second, women had a decreased ventilatory response in exposure to high altitudes compared to men (p > 0.005). Third, there is a positive correlation between lactate levels prior to an anaerobic test and the ventilatory response developed by subjects at high altitudes (R2 = 0.33, slope = -41.7, and p < 0.05). Lastly, this ventilatory response can influence VO2peak (R2 = 0.60, slope = 0.02, and p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study provides insights into the mechanisms behind the reduced respiratory capacity observed in women during an anaerobic exercise test at high altitudes. An acute response to HA showed a greater work of breathing and increased the drive ventilatory response. It is possible to postulate the differences in the fatigue-induced metaboreflex of the respiratory muscles and aerobic–anaerobic transition between genders. These results on multiple sprint performance and the influences of gender in hypoxic environments deserve further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Maximal pulmonary ventilation and lactate affect the anaerobic performance in young women exposed to hypobaric hypoxia

Paéz

Rodríguez-Fernández²,

Silva-Urra³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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The effect of pedalling cadence on respiratory frequency: passive vs. active exercise of different intensities

et al. 2020

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Sympathetic neural responses in heart failure during exercise and after exercise training

Notarius

Floras

2021

Clinical Science

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The sympathetic nervous system coordinates the cardiovascular response to exercise. This regulation is impaired in both experimental and human heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), resulting in a state of sympathoexcitation which limits exercise capacity and contributes to adverse outcome. Exercise training can moderate sympathetic excess at rest. Recording sympathetic nerve firing during exercise is more challenging. Hence, data acquired during exercise are scant and results vary according to exercise modality. In this review we will: (1) describe sympathetic activity during various exercise modes in both experimental and human HFrEF and consider factors which influence these responses; and (2) summarise the effect of exercise training on sympathetic outflow both at rest and during exercise in both animal models and human HFrEF. We will particularly highlight studies in humans which report direct measurements of efferent sympathetic nerve traffic using intraneural recordings. Future research is required to clarify the neural afferent mechanisms which contribute to efferent sympathetic activation during exercise in HFrEF, how this may be altered by exercise training, and the impact of such attenuation on cardiac and renal function.

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Interaction between the muscle metaboreflex and central command – A clearer picture of cardiorespiratory control during exercise

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Maximal pulmonary ventilation and lactate affect the anaerobic performance in young women exposed to hypobaric hypoxia

Maximal pulmonary ventilation and lactate affect the anaerobic performance in young women exposed to hypobaric hypoxia

The effect of pedalling cadence on respiratory frequency: passive vs. active exercise of different intensities

Sympathetic neural responses in heart failure during exercise and after exercise training

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