Interaction Between Phenanthrene and Zinc in Their Toxicity to the Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus )

Moreau, Casey J.; Klerks, Paul L.; Haas, Charles N.

doi:10.1007/s002449900512

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that concentration addition or less than concentration addition are commonly observed effects when combinations of chemicals are tested [28,[31][32][33][34][35]. The mixture effects of copper and diazinon observed in this study indicate that less than concentration additive effects occur at lower effect levels of copper and diazinon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Joint Acute Toxicity of Diazinon and Copper to Ceriodaphnia Dubia

Banks¹,

Wood²,

Matthews³

et al. 2003

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Diazinon and copper are two contaminants that are widely found in urban streams and in municipal wastewater effluents. Because these contaminants may be found concurrently, the potential for their joint toxicity is of interest, particularly with regard to toxicity testing of wastewater effluents and the ecological implications of simultaneous exposures in urban streams. Although interactions between metals are well studied, relatively little is known about interactions between metals and organophosphate compounds such as diazinon. In this study, the interaction between copper and diazinon was evaluated using cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) in 48-h static tests within laboratory water. Using toxic units derived from concurrently established 48-h median lethal concentration values (LC50) of test organisms of each individual toxicant, the effects of the mixture of copper and diazinon on the survival of C. dubia were shown to be generally nonconcentration additive (LC50 significantly greater than one toxic unit). However, evaluation of the dose-response relationship across the entire range of effect levels revealed that the mortality induced by the mixture of copper and diazinon supported concentration additivity at higher effect levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Joint Acute Toxicity of Diazinon and Copper to Ceriodaphnia Dubia

Banks¹,

Wood²,

Matthews³

et al. 2003

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…It is suggesting that Pb can be promoting bacterial growth through detoxification of pyrene, which is further accelerating the degradation of PAHs. According to Moreau et al (1999), the presence of Zn may result in an increased detoxification of phenanthrene. These findings are also supported in our study.…”

Section: Interaction Of Pb and Pyrenementioning

confidence: 98%

Biodegradation of pyrene and catabolic genes in contaminated soils cultivated with Lolium multiflorum L

Khan

Hesham

et al. 2009

J Soils Sediments

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Background, aim, and scope In the soil environment, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) are of great environmental and human health concerns due to their widespread occurrence, persistence, and carcinogenic properties. Bioremediation of contaminated soil is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and publicly acceptable approach to address the removal of environmental contaminants. However, bioremediation of contaminants depends on plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. The microorganisms that can mineralize various PAHs have PAH dioxygenase genes like nahAc, phnAc, and pdo1. To understand the fate of pyrene in rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils in the presence or absence of Pb, pyrene biodegradation, bacterial community structure, and dioxygenase genes were investigated in a pot experiment. Methods Soil was amended with Pb (a representative heavy metal), pyrene, and a Pb/pyrene mixture. After 8 weeks of aging, one set of pot microcosms was cultivated with rye grass (Lolium multiflorum L) seedlings, while another set was not cultivated for the purpose of comparing rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere pyrene degradation. Pyrene was extracted from freeze-dried soil and plant samples using a Soxhlet extraction method and the extracts were dried to 1 mL under gentle nitrogen flow and analyzed using gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (Agilent 6890, USA). Soil DNA was extracted from triplicate samples and the DGGE was performed using a Bio-Rad Dcode™ Universal Mutation Detection System (Bio-Rad, USA). PAH dioxygenase genes, including nahAc, phnAc, and pdo1, were detected using PCR amplification. Similarly, pyrene degraders were also investigated using plate counting technique. Results Biodegradation rates recorded over an 18-week period showed that rye grass promoted significant (P<0.05) pyrene degradation. Pyrene removal efficiency from rhizospheric soils was 59.1±2.1% and 68.7±2.3% in pyreneand Pb/pyrene-amended soils, respectively. The results indicate that pyrene dissipation was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Pb/pyrene-amended soils than only-pyreneamended soils. The plant growth promoted the degradation of pyrene and accounted for 12.1% to 17.0% of dissipation enhancement in the rhizospheric soils. In this study, the DGGE profiles revealed a shift in soil bacterial community structure in all amended soils, with a higher number and greater complexity of banding patterns in Pb/pyreneamended samples than in either Pb-or pyrene-amended samples. In the control and Pb-amended soil, pdo1 and nahAc genes were not detected throughout the incubation period but were detected in the pyrene-and Pb/pyreneamended soils. However, phnAc genes were not detected in either amended or non-amended soils throughout the incubation period. The addition of pyrene had a dramatic effect on the number of pyrene degraders. Discussion Plants contribute to the degradation of PAHs by increasing the size of microbial population, promoting microbial activity, and modifying microbial community

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“…Phenanthrene reduced bioluminescence in Vibrio fisheri (Steevens et al 1999); however, this test was much less sensitive to phenanthrene compared with our test based on recovery of bioluminescence in P. lunula. Phenanthrene was also highly toxic to other marine organisms, and an additive effect of phenanthrene and metals on toxicity may be observed (Emery and Dillon 1996, Heitzer et al 1998, Lotufo and Fleeger 1996, 1997, Moreau et al 1999). Genotoxic effects of phenanthrene have been suspected to be the underlying principle of toxicity, but the DNA damaging effects are poorly understood (Moreau et al 1999, Van Brummelen et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metals and Organic Contaminants on the Recovery of Bioluminescence in the Marine Dinoflagellate Pyrocystis Lunula (Dinophyceae)1

Heimann

Matuszewski

Klerks

2002

Journal of Phycology

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Pyrocystis lunula Schütt is a unicellular photoautotrophic dinoflagellate, commonly found in marine environments, displaying circadian‐controlled bioluminescence. Because of this species' characteristics, effects of pollutants on bioluminescence in P. lunula may make for an easy and simple bioassay that would be valuable for toxicity testing and the protection of coastal resources. This study therefore investigated the short‐term effects of metals and organic pollutants on the recovery of the bioluminescent potential in P. lunula. Recovery of bioluminescence was strongly inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by all reference contaminants tested, the system being most sensitive to copper and cadmium (4‐h IC50s 0.96 and 1.18 μM, respectively), followed by phenanthrene, lead, SDS, and nickel (4‐h IC50s 1.64, 12.8, 15.6, and 73.1 μM, respectively), whereas relatively high concentrations of phenol were needed to elicit a response (4‐h IC50 1.64 mM). Except for exposure to lead and nickel, the inhibitory effects of cadmium, copper, and all organic pollutants were reversible, with P. lunula recovering 80%–100% of its bioluminescence potential after a period of 72 h in uncontaminated medium. Our results show that the restoration of bioluminescence in P. lunula is sensitive to the reference contaminants tested and obtains highly reproducible results.

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Interaction Between Phenanthrene and Zinc in Their Toxicity to the Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus )

Cited by 40 publications

References 26 publications

Joint Acute Toxicity of Diazinon and Copper to Ceriodaphnia Dubia

Joint Acute Toxicity of Diazinon and Copper to Ceriodaphnia Dubia

Biodegradation of pyrene and catabolic genes in contaminated soils cultivated with Lolium multiflorum L

Effects of Metals and Organic Contaminants on the Recovery of Bioluminescence in the Marine Dinoflagellate Pyrocystis Lunula (Dinophyceae)1

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