Interaction between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and environmental protozoa

Whan, Lynne; Grant, Irene R.; Rowe, M.T.

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-63

Cited by 58 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…While the resistance of a wide range of NTM has been observed, their capacity to grow in presence of amoebae has been much less described. Nonetheless, it was possible to evaluate that M. llatzerense growth in presence of A. castellanii was comparable to this of M. avium infecting the same FLA host, while higher than the growth observed for M. fortuitum and M. marinum 5253.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii

Delafont

Samba-Louaka

Cambau

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacteria increasingly associated to public health problems. In water systems, free-living amoebae (FLA) feed on bacteria by phagocytosis, but several bacteria, including many NTM, are resistant to this predation. Thus, FLA can be seen as a training ground for pathogenic bacteria. Mycobacterium llatzerense was previously described as frequently associated with FLA in a drinking water network. The present study aimed to characterize the interactions between M. llatzerense and FLA. M. llatzerense was internalised by phagocytosis and featured lipid inclusions, suggesting a subversion of host resources. Moreover, M. llatzerense survived and even multiplied in presence of A. castellanii. Using a genomic-based comparative approach, twelve genes involved in phagocytosis interference, described in M. tuberculosis, were identified in the M. llatzerense genome sequenced in this study. Transcriptomic analyses showed that ten genes were significantly upregulated during the first hours of the infection, which could partly explain M. llatzerense resistance. Additionally, M. llatzerense was shown to actively inhibit phagosome acidification. In conclusion, M. llatzerense presents a high degree of resistance to phagocytosis, likely explaining its frequent occurrence within FLA in drinking water networks. It underscores that NTM should be carefully monitored in water networks to prevent human health concerns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii

Delafont

Samba-Louaka

Cambau

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Additionally, feeding yeast culture was previously reported to increase the number of protozoa in the rumen [ 50 ], since the yeast culture is used as a protein and energy source by protozoa [ 51 , 52 ]. Given that two commonly occurring environmental protozoa, Acanthamoeba castellanii and A. polyphaga , have been reported to be the vectors for MAP [ 53 ], it is still remains to be determined if the oral administration of yeast or yeast CWCs will help reduce risk of MAP infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae component binding to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using bovine epithelial cells

You¹,

Ossa²,

Mead³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundSince yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its components are being used for the prevention and treatment of enteric diseases in different species, they may also be useful for preventing Johne’s disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This study aimed to identify potential yeast derivatives that may be used to help prevent MAP infection. The adherence of mCherry-labeled MAP to bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T cells) and bovine primary epithelial cells (BECs) co-cultured with yeast cell wall components (CWCs) from four different yeast strains (A, B, C and D) and two forms of dead yeast from strain A was investigated.ResultsThe CWCs from all four yeast strains and the other two forms of dead yeast from strain A reduced MAP adhesion to MAC-T cells and BECs in a concentration-dependent manner after 6-h of exposure, with the dead yeast having the greatest effect.ConclusionsThe following in vitro binding studies suggest that dead yeast and its’ CWCs may be useful for reducing risk of MAP infection.

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“…The interaction between Map and amoebae has been poorly described. It was first reported in 2006 through a study showing in vitro that a strain of Map was ingested by Acanthamoeba and resisted digestion for at least 24 days (Whan et al, 2006 ). Four years later a short communication described the co-occurrence of Map and FLA in the soil (White et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Hosted by Free-Living Amoebae

Samba-Louaka

Robino

Cochard

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is responsible for paratuberculosis in animals. This disease, leading to an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, has a high impact on animal health and an important economic burden. The environmental life cycle of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is poorly understood and several studies suggest that free-living amoebae (FLA) might be a potential environmental host. FLA are protozoa found in water and soil that are described as reservoirs of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the environment. Indeed, bacteria able to survive within these amoebae would survive phagocytosis from immune cells. In this study, we assessed the in vitro interactions between several strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Acanthamoeba castellanii. The results indicate that the bacteria were able to grow within the amoeba and that they can survive for several days within their host. To explore the presence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in environmental amoebae, we sampled water from farms positive for paratuberculosis. A M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain was detected within an environmental amoeba identified as related to the poorly described Rosculus genus. The bacterial strain was genotyped, showing that it was similar to previous infectious strains isolated from cattle. In conclusion, we described that various M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains were able to grow within amoebae and that these bacteria could be found on farm within amoebae isolated from the cattle environment. It validates that infected amoebae might be a reservoir and vector for the transmission of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

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Interaction between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and environmental protozoa

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii

Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii

Assessment of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae component binding to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using bovine epithelial cells

Environmental Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Hosted by Free-Living Amoebae

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