Interaction between Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Disease Incidence and Environmental Factors and Soil Physiochemical Analysis on Wheat in the South of Iraq, Basra Province

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction between disease incidence of both Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot (FCR) and physiochemical parameters for soil samples and environmental factors in 14 selected wheat fields in the North of Basra province. The results showed that both diseases were occurred in all surveyed fields. The level of FCR incidence was higher than FHB. The incidence of both diseases was increased with favourable weather conditions (high humidity and temperature ˃15 °C), reaching the highest levels in crucial periods before and during the ripening stage. The percentage of disease incidence ranged between 6 to 71% and 3 to 54% for FCR and FHB, respectively. Nine physiochemical parameters of soil were examined in this study, but only soil organic carbon (SOC) (P< 0.0000), soil organic matter (SOM) (P< 0.0000) and Cation exchange capacity (CEC) (P< 0.0008) and (P< 0.0002) had highly significant differences among the selected wheat fields in the occurrence of disease incidence for FHB and FCR respectively. The values were ranged between 0.33-1.27% for SOC, 0.66-2.54% for SOM and 10.08-20.59 mg/100g for CEC. Favourable weather conditions and poor soils with SOM, SOC and CEC contents were found to be great factors for encouraging both diseases during this study.

Isolation and Genome-Based Characterization of Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus siamensis YB-1631 against Wheat Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

“…It has become one of the most important diseases of wheat, primarily in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Yield losses caused by FCR are approximately 10% but can be over 30% when conditions favor the disease, such as drought or high humidity, temperature, and soil organic matter [2]. Although F. pseudograminearum only colonizes wheat roots up to the second stem node, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) also can be detected in the head, creating a serious threat to the health of humans and animals [3].…”