First record of nine Fusarium spp. causing root rot on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iraq

Minati, Mohammed Hussein

doi:10.1063/5.0027398

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Fusarium nygamai was previously isolated from stored wheat samples from moderate to warm climates [ 61 ] and was found to be one of the most common Fusarium species in wheat root and stem tissues in Iran [ 62 ]. It was also isolated from wheat roots in the Iraqi province of Basra [ 63 ]. Fusarium equiseti , which ranked fifth in terms of field incidence and isolation frequency, has been reported as a dominant fungus associated with crown and root rot in wheat in Azerbaijan [ 13 ], North Dakota [ 55 ], Saskatchewan [ 64 ], Mississippi [ 53 ], Italy [ 65 ], Canada [ 54 ], and Turkey [ 19 , 66 ], which confirms our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings for non-pathogenic species presented here are somewhat consistent with those from other studies conducted in wheat-producing countries. Fusarium nygamai , for instance, caused Fusarium root rot with the lowest disease severity among the Fusarium species obtained [ 63 ]. In Kazakhstan, M. phaseolina was also identified as a non-pathogenic species [ 21 ], which is similar to our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan

Özer

Erper

Yıldız

et al. 2023

JoF

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Fungal species associated with crown and root rot diseases in wheat have been extensively studied in many parts of the world. However, no reports on the relative importance and distribution of pathogens associated with wheat crown and root rot in Kyrgyzstan have been published. Hence, fungal species associated with wheat crown/root rot were surveyed in three main wheat production regions in northern Kyrgyzstan. Fungal species were isolated on 1/5 strength potato-dextrose agar amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/L) and chloramphenicol (0.05 g/L). A total of 598 fungal isolates from symptomatic tissues were identified using morphological features of the cultures and conidia, as well as sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) genes. The percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated and their relative percentage isolation levels were determined. Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of common root rot, was the most prevalent pathogenic species isolated, being isolated from 86.67% of the fields surveyed at a frequency of isolation of 40.64%. Fusarium spp. accounted for 53.01% of all isolates and consisted of 12 different species. The most common Fusarium species identified was Fusarium acuminatum, which was isolated from 70% of the sites surveyed with an isolation frequency of 21.57%, followed by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium equiseti, all of which had a field incidence of more than 23%. Inoculation tests with 44 isolates representing 17 species on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 revealed that Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates were equally the most virulent pathogens. The widespread distribution of moderately virulent B. sorokiniana appears to be a serious threat to wheat culture, limiting yield and quality. With the exception of F. culmorum, the remaining Fusarium species did not pose a significant threat to wheat production in the surveyed areas because common species, such as F. acuminatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti, were non-pathogenic but infrequent species, such as Fusarium redolens, Fusarium algeriense, and F. pseudograminearum, were highly or moderately virulent. Curvularia inaequalis, which was found in three different fields, was mildly virulent. The remaining Fusarium species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium burgessii, and Fusarium tricinctum, as well as Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium nivale, and Macrophomina phaseolina, were non-pathogenic and considered to be secondary colonizers. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan

Özer

Erper

Yıldız

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…Fusarium crown rot (FCR), which is a soil-borne disease caused by various Fusarium species, is one of the most significant wheat diseases in many countries ( Kazan and Gardiner, 2018 ), The incidence of FCR disease showed a rapid increase year by year, particularly under the adoption of wheat-maize crop rotation and straw return cropping patterns. The dominant pathogen causing FCR in wheat varies in different regions of Central Asia ( Bozoglu et al, 2022 ; Ozer et al, 2023 ), Australia ( Saad et al, 2021 , 2022 ; Buster et al, 2023 ), Africa ( Hadjout et al, 2022 ; Mawcha et al, 2022 ; Theron et al, 2023 ), the Middle East ( Minati, 2020 ; Ozer et al, 2020 ) and North America ( Hagerty et al, 2021 ; Shrestha et al, 2021 ), F. pseudograminearum and F. graminearum are the main pathogens. FCR caused by F. pseudograminearum ( Fp ) was first reported in Henan province, China ( Li et al, 2012 ), and has since become the dominant pathogen in the Huanghuai Plain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic effects of Talaromyces muroii TM28 against Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

Yang,

Cui,

Wei

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Fusarium crown rot (FCR) caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum is a serious threat to wheat production worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effects of Talaromyces muroii strain TM28 isolated from root of Panax quinquefolius against F. pseudograminearum. The strain of TM28 inhibited mycelial growth of F. pseudograminearum by 87.8% at 72 h, its cell free fermentation filtrate had a strong antagonistic effect on mycelial growth and conidial germination of F. pseudograminearum by destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. In the greenhouse, TM28 significantly increased wheat fresh weight and height in the presence of pathogen Fp, it enhanced the antioxidant defense activity and ameliorated the negative effects of F. pseudograminearum, including disease severity and pathogen abundance in the rhizosphere soil, root and stem base of wheat. RNA-seq of F. pseudograminearum under TM28 antagonistic revealed 2,823 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most DEGs related to cell wall and cell membrane synthesis were significantly downregulated, the culture filtrate of TM28 affected the pathways of fatty acid synthesis, steroid synthesis, glycolysis, and the citrate acid cycle. T. muroii TM28 appears to have significant potential in controlling wheat Fusarium crown rot caused by F. pseudograminearum.

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“…This is likely due to the increase in the intensity of cereal production for economic reasons and the wide adoption of reduced tillage for moisture conservation [6]. FCR has become more prevalent in many parts of semi-arid regions in recent years [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12]. An earlier study from [13] showed that, compared with bread wheat, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass accumulated at an earlier timepoint and more rapidly in barley compared to bread wheat at similar stages of FCR infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FCR is predominantly caused by F. pseudograminearum, although other species of Fusarium can also cause the disease [8,16]. This disease can be induced from seed germination to milky ripening, and field infection is believed to be mainly through physical contact with infected stubble [6,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Two QTL Conferring Seedling Resistance to Fusarium Crown Rot in Barley on Reducing Grain Yield Loss under Field Environments

et al. 2022

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Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most damaging cereal diseases in semi-arid regions worldwide. Genetic studies on FCR resistance have mainly focused on disease symptoms measured by the browning of either leaf sheaths in seedlings or stems of mature plants. Two major QTLs conferring FCR resistance in barley, Qcsr.cpi-1H and Qcrs.cpi-4H, were previously identified in the growth room. They could explain up to 33.4 and 45.3% of phenotypic variance, respectively. This is the first study where the possible effects of FCR-resistant loci identified in the previous studies based on seedling assay are tested for their abilities to reduce grain yield loss. Near isogenic lines (NILs) and backcross (BC) lines targeting these two loci were assessed in the 2017 and 2018 crop seasons. Results from the NILs showed that the presence of a resistance allele at either the 1HL or 4HL locus reduced grain yield loss by an average of 12.0% and 10.7%, respectively. Grain yields of the top BC lines containing resistance alleles at both loci were 34.4% higher than the average of the commercial varieties under FCR inoculation. These lines will be highly valuable in breeding barley varieties with enhanced resistance to FCR.

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First record of nine Fusarium spp. causing root rot on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iraq

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan

Antagonistic effects of Talaromyces muroii TM28 against Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

Investigation of Two QTL Conferring Seedling Resistance to Fusarium Crown Rot in Barley on Reducing Grain Yield Loss under Field Environments

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