Interaction between Fusarium head blight and crown rot disease incidence and cultural practices on wheat in the south of Iraq, Basra province

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to estimate Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot (FCR) disease incidence on wheat and their interaction with cultural methods (cultivar types, planting time, seed rate, crop rotation, and fertilizer practices) that are used in wheat cropping system in the south of Iraq, Basra province. Results: The results showed that the mean average of FHB and FCR was 27.2% and 31%, respectively. This displays that very nearly one-third of wheat crop planted in those 14 fields were infected by both diseases but not very severely, except in two fields (D and HM), which were devastating, 54% and 71% and 41% and 52% for FHB and FCR, respectively. The highest level of incidence for both diseases was associated with the earlier and latest planting dates 28 Oct. and 10 Dec., while the lowest was with 1, 10, and 23 Nov. A 200 and 120 kg/ha were the highest and lowest seed rates used in this study. The selected wheat fields differed in their pre-crop rotations (legume, corn, sorghum, okra, and continuous cropping system of wheat) in a previous year. The amount of added fertilizers (urea, DAP, and NPK) to the studied fields was in a high variation. The seven wheat cultivars examined in this study showed different levels of susceptibility to both diseases. Conclusion: The results verified that most of the agricultural practices examined in this study were associated with positive correlation for FHB and FCR in the occurrence of disease incidence. Except the cultivar type and fertilizer application had unclear relationship with the incidence of both diseases.

Screening Fungicides for Controlling Wheat Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum across Hebei Province in China

“…There are different methods for controlling FCR. Resistant cultivars [19], management of crop residues and rotation [20,21], and fertilizers have been shown to be effective in controlling FCR disease to some extent [22][23][24]. The lack of high resistance germplasms to wheat FCR is a specific challenge for breeding resistant cultivars [25,26].…”

Identity and prevalence of wheat damping-off fungal pathogens in different fields of Basrah and Maysan provinces

“…It exceeds in area and production every other cereal crop (including rice, corn, etc. ), and therefore, it is the most important cereal crop in the world (Minati and Ameen 2019). Wheat is the main cultivated crop and the highest grain used by humans in Iraq.…”