Interaction between diffusion of palm biodiesel and large strain in rubber: Effect on stress-softening during cyclic loading

Andriyana, Andri; Chai, Ai Bao; Verron, Erwan; Johan, Mohd Rafie

doi:10.1016/j.mechrescom.2012.03.004

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The softening was evident when a lower stress value was needed for the same applied stretch value. Indeed, swelling decreased the stress-softening due to the Mullins effect (Andriyana et al, 2012). Under fatigue loading, the stress value for the dry rubber was always higher than for the swollen rubber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This concern arises especially when elastomeric components start to degrade in terms of mechanical properties even without any simultaneous imposed loading (Trakarnpruk and Porntangjitlikit, 2008;Haseeb et al, 2010;Alves et al, 2013). Undeniably, the degradation takes place with swelling (Andriyana et al, 2012) when biodiesel creates a hostile environment for elastomeric components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatigue of swollen elastomers

Loo

Cam

Andriyana

et al. 2015

International Journal of Fatigue

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The compatibility of the properties of elastomer with conventional diesel fuel has made it favourable in many engineering applications. However, due to global energy insecurity issues, there is an urgent need to find alternative renewable sources of energy as replacements to conventional diesel. In this respect, biodiesel appears to be a promising candidate. Hence, research into the compatibility and fatigue characteristics of elastomers exposed to biodiesel becomes essential. The present paper introduces the first attempt to investigate the effect of different solvents on the fatigue of swollen elastomers. The filled nitrile rubbers are immersed in the palm biodiesel and conventional diesel to obtain the same degree of swelling prior to the application of uniaxial fatigue loading. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis is carried out to observe the fracture surfaces. Stretch-N curves are plotted to illustrate the fatigue life duration. These curves showed that the fatigue lifetime of rubber is the longest for dry rubber and the least for rubber swollen in biodiesel. FESEM micrographs reveal that the loading conditions have no effect on the crack initiation and propagation patterns regardless of the swelling state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue of swollen elastomers

Loo

Cam

Andriyana

et al. 2015

International Journal of Fatigue

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show abstract

“…The degradation of the sample surfaces was not observed, and this corresponded to previous studies, where the authors presented that the optimum addition of biofuel into aviation fuel was up to 30 vol %. [10][11][12][13] Properties of the Rubber Blends Exposed to Fuel Mixtures at 100 C The rubber dumbbell shapes became brittle and shiny (it was easy to break them) after 500 h, and during the mentioned time, the rubber blends were exposed to a higher temperature and liquid mixtures of biofuel FAME with aviation fuel JET A1. Therefore, it was not possible to perform tensile tests for them.…”

Section: Properties Of the Rubber Blends Exposed To Fuel Mixtures At mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of aviation sealing materials in rapeseed biodiesel

Dubovsky

Božek

Olšovský³

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nowadays, the airline industry and worldwide companies in the aerospace industry have been forced to find new ecological alternatives to traditional fuels to substitute as aviation fuels and kerosene. In aero turbo engines, rubber seals based on nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) with different contents of acrylonitrile are the most commonly used for the production of seals. This NBR is characterized by excellent physical and mechanical properties. In this article, we present the effects of critical operating conditions and the addition of the methyl ester of rapeseed oil to aviation fuel in relation to seals for aircraft engines. In this study, we evaluated changes in the physical and mechanical properties of rubber blends that were produced from NBR rubber. The exact composition and material properties were obtained from the producer. Static immersion tests in B10 (10% biodiesel in diesel), B50 (50% biodiesel in diesel), B75 (75% biodiesel in diesel), and B100 (100% biodiesel) were carried out at a higher temperature (100 C) for 500 h and at laboratory temperature (23 6 2 C)for 3000 h. At the end of the immersion test, the degradation behavior was investigated by the measurement of the relative changes in the weight, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation. The change in the rubber surface morphology was studied by optimal microscopy and with a digital camera. The results show that the extent of rubber blend degradation was observed for samples that were exposed to a higher concentration of biodiesel and to a higher temperature.

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“…In contrast to dry rubbers, only few studies on the observation and modeling of Mullins effect in swollen rubbers or gels are available in the literature (Webber, Creton, Brown, & Gong, 2007;Lin, Fan, Marcellan, Hourdet, & Creton, 2010;Andriyana, Chai, Verron, & Johan, 2012;Chai, Andriyana, Verron, & Johan, 2013a;Chai, Andriyana, Verron, & Johan, 2013b). Hence, the objective of the present work is to characterize and to model the Mullins effect in rubber under cyclic loading taking into consideration the swelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Mullins effect in elastomers swollen by palm biodiesel

Andriyana

Loo

Chagnon

et al. 2015

International Journal of Engineering Science

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International audienceIn the present paper, experimental investigation and continuum mechanical modeling of Mullins effect in swollen elastomers, due to exposure to palm biodiesel, under cyclic loading conditions are addressed. To this end, the nature of Mullins effect in both dry and swollen elastomers is explored and compared. It is found that swelling reduces Mullins effect. Based on experimental observations, in order to account for swelling in the modeling of Mullins effect, two constitutive equations widely used in literature are considered and phenomenologically extended: Continuum Damage Mechanics model and Pseudo-Elastic model. The efficiency of the two extended models are assessed and perspectives for further development are drawn

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Interaction between diffusion of palm biodiesel and large strain in rubber: Effect on stress-softening during cyclic loading

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Fatigue of swollen elastomers

Fatigue of swollen elastomers

Degradation of aviation sealing materials in rapeseed biodiesel

Modeling the Mullins effect in elastomers swollen by palm biodiesel

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