Nowadays, the airline industry and worldwide companies in the aerospace industry have been forced to find new ecological alternatives to traditional fuels to substitute as aviation fuels and kerosene. In aero turbo engines, rubber seals based on nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) with different contents of acrylonitrile are the most commonly used for the production of seals. This NBR is characterized by excellent physical and mechanical properties. In this article, we present the effects of critical operating conditions and the addition of the methyl ester of rapeseed oil to aviation fuel in relation to seals for aircraft engines. In this study, we evaluated changes in the physical and mechanical properties of rubber blends that were produced from NBR rubber. The exact composition and material properties were obtained from the producer. Static immersion tests in B10 (10% biodiesel in diesel), B50 (50% biodiesel in diesel), B75 (75% biodiesel in diesel), and B100 (100% biodiesel) were carried out at a higher temperature (100 C) for 500 h and at laboratory temperature (23 6 2 C)for 3000 h. At the end of the immersion test, the degradation behavior was investigated by the measurement of the relative changes in the weight, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation. The change in the rubber surface morphology was studied by optimal microscopy and with a digital camera. The results show that the extent of rubber blend degradation was observed for samples that were exposed to a higher concentration of biodiesel and to a higher temperature.
The presented paper deals with the preparation of the new types of elastomeric composite systems containing an alternative filler based on wood ash or fly ash. Wood ash (fly ash) is generated as the waste from the process of wood pellets burning in the pellet boilers. The results of the EDX analysis confirmed that CaO and SiO2 are the most represented components of wood ash, which contains commonly used white fillers, such as kaolin or silica. Therefore, wood ash was used as an alternative ecological filler in a function of a partial replacement for the commonly used carbon black filler in the elastomer systems. Rheological properties and cure characteristics of prepared elastomer composite systems and tensile properties of resulting vulcanizates have been studied. The prepared elastomeric systems were also subjected to a Payne effect study. The obtained results showed the degree of filler - filler interactions as well as the degree of mutual interactions between alternative filler particles and elastomeric matrix.
Submitted paper deals with the incorporation of biological waste into the rubber blend and moreover, it is mainly connected with the determination of the influence of this biowaste on the basic properties of the blends and vulcanizate. Wood flour, which comes from the production of wood pellets, was used as the biowaste. Biowaste was used as a filler but also as a plasticizer. The effect of the mentioned biowaste (wood flour) in rubber blend was determined from the aspect of curing characteristics and physical-mechanical properties. In addition, Payne effect was also determined. Achieved results show the possibilities of partial use of biowaste in the rubber blend and provide other research possibilities.
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