Interaction between Barium Titanate and Binary Glasses

Abstract

Interactions between BaTiO, and three binary glasses were studied through the reaction of BaTiO, powder with glass powder. For PbO-B,O, and PbO-SiO, glasses, the reaction led to stable compound formation, the substitution of Pb in the BaTiO, structure, and noticeable grain growth of BaTiO,. The interaction phenomena for these two glass systems were very similar. The substitution of Pb into BaTiO, is assisted by chemical reactions in which BaB,O, or Ba,SiO, is formed. The substitution into BaTiO, also seems to be closely related to the grain growth of BaTiO,. On the other hand, only compound formation was observed during the processing of BaTiO, with Bi,O,-B,O, glass. Neither BaTiO, grain growth nor Bi substitution took place with the Bi,O,-B,O, glass system. Based on the observed reactions and the glass viscosity, several sintering aids for BaTiO, ceramic products are suggested in this paper.

Structure and viscosity of phase‐separated BaO–SiO2 glasses

“…Undercooled melts in the 2‐25 mol% BaO have the tendency to be phase‐separated, with the formation of at least two amorphous phases, while crystallization occurs for BaO contents larger than 37 mol% . Glasses in this system can be used as a sintering aid for Ba(Ti,Zr)O 3 dielectric ceramics, as photosensitive materials, or for application in heat and X‐ray shielding devices . Besides, the high atomic number of barium relative to silicon makes these binary glasses good candidates for electron transmission microscopy to investigate the spatial distribution of the network‐modifying element (alkaline earth).…”

“…2,3 Glasses in this system can be used as a sintering aid for Ba(Ti,Zr)O 3 dielectric ceramics, as photosensitive materials, or for application in heat and X-ray shielding devices. [4][5][6] Besides, the high atomic number of barium relative to silicon makes these binary glasses good candidates for electron transmission microscopy to investigate the spatial distribution of the network-modifying element (alkaline earth). Glasses with up to 33 mol% of BaO were synthesized either by conventional melting in platinum crucible and subsequent quenching or by a gas levitation coupled with laser heating system.…”

Realizing strain enhanced dielectric properties in BaTiO3 films by liquid phase assisted growth

“…The formation of secondary phases, often at grain boundaries and triple points, is commonly seen when large amounts of a glass flux are added. 13,[18][19][20][21] Extensive HRTEM analysis of the 3% sample revealed clean grain boundaries throughout the material with no evidence of residual glassy or crystalline phases. HRTEM images of a representative grain boundary and triple junction are shown in Figure 2.…”

Effects of BaO–SiO2 glass particle size on the microstructures and dielectric properties of Mn-doped Ba(Ti, Zr)O3 ceramics

“…This demonstrates that the volume of the tetragonal phase decreases and the cubic phase increases with glass that is 185 nm or finer. Kuromitsu et al 15 reported that a Ba 2 SiO 4 and Ba 2 TiSiO 8 compound was observed in the PbO-SiO 2 glass system, and that this inhibits the grain growth. However, neither of these substances was found in the study, which may be due to the amount of glass frit that was added.…”

“…To date, various kinds of materials have been used, including barium oxide, alumina oxide, and silicon oxide, to lower the sintering temperature. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Although the BaO-SiO 2 glass system has been widely used as a liquid sintering aid for BTZ ceramics, the addition of glass may also introduce several undesirable effects, such as a decrease in the dielectric constant and the formation of pores and a secondary phase, which may lead to the degradation of dielectric properties. Therefore, how to obtain complete sinterability and high permittivity ceramics with the minimum addition of glass frit, thus preventing the undesirable side effects, is a topic of some importance.…”