Interaction behavior of nitrogen in liquid niobium

Park, H. G.; Gokhale, A.M.; Kumar, P.; Abbaschian, R.

doi:10.1007/bf02657809

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…of low-carbon ferromanganese alloys. [1][2][3][4][5] In this process, Pure liquid metals of very high nitrogen solubility, such as the oxygen-inert gas mixture is injected so that carbon is niobium, exhibit a large deviation from Sievert's law, [17] oxidized in preference to manganese, because CO is diluted probably due to the interaction between nitrogen atoms in with inert gases such as argon and nitrogen. Nitrogen is the melt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen solubility in liquid manganese and ferromanganese alloys

Kim

Pak

You

2001

Metall Mater Trans B

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The nitrogen solubilities in liquid manganese, manganese-iron, manganese-carbon, and manganeseiron-carbon alloys have been measured by the gas-liquid metal equilibration technique in the temperature range of 1623 to 1823 K. The equilibrium nitrogen content in pure liquid manganese at an atmospheric nitrogen pressure is high, and it does not follow Sievert's law, i.e., f N is not unity. The reduced nitrogen partial pressures by dilution with argon enabled us to obtain more reliable information on the thermodynamics of nitrogen in liquid manganese. The nitrogen dissolution follows Sievert's law at nitrogen contents below 1 wt pct. The standard free-energy change for the dissolution of nitrogen in pure liquid manganese has been determined as Ϫ67,222 ϩ 30.32T J/g atom, with the standard state of nitrogen taken as a 1 wt pct solution. Carbon and iron in manganese-rich melts decrease the nitrogen solubility significantly. The first-and second-order interaction parameters between nitrogen and other elements in manganese alloy melts have been determined. The activity coefficient of nitrogen in a ferromanganese alloy melt can be expressed as log f N ϭ 0.005 (pct N) ϩ 0.029 (pct N) 2 ϩ 0.015 (pct Fe) ϩ 0.09 (pct C) ϩ 0.013 (pct C) 2 where the interaction parameters are independent of temperature in the temperature range of 1623 to 1823 K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen solubility in liquid manganese and ferromanganese alloys

Kim

Pak

You

2001

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Details of the experimental setup and procedures were described elsewhere. [12] Absorption behaviors of carbon and oxygen in liquid Nb were investigated under various conditions of gas flow rate, partial pressure, temperature, and time. The desired CO partial pressure was obtained by adjusting the flow rates of the CO and Ar gas mixture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based upon the same explanation applied to Nb-N kinetics, [12] it can be said that the transport in gas phase (step I) is not the rate-controlling step, implying that ϭ ϭ P co . In other words, the rate of mass b i P P co co transfer through the gas boundary layer is fast enough compared with the rates of other steps, so that no CO concentration gradient in the boundary layer develops.…”

Section: The Order Of Reaction and Rate-controlling Step In Co Absmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility of liquid-phase transport as a rate-controlling step may also be excluded using the same reasoning as in the liquid Nb-N interaction. [12] Thus, mathematically, it can be assumed that C(i) ϭ C and O(i) ϭ O. In order to determine the rate controlling, two cases will be examined in the following sections.…”

Section: The Order Of Reaction and Rate-controlling Step In Co Absmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manuscript submitted April 24, 1996. previous article, [12][13][14][15] consisted of levitating niobium rod in a specially designed coil connected to a high-frequency power generator. The samples were levitated in a flowing gas, and the temperature was measured by an optical pyrometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption kinetics and mechanisms of carbon monoxide in liquid niobium

Park

Abbaschian

1997

Metall Mater Trans B

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Absorption kinetics and mechanisms of carbon monoxide in liquid niobium were investigated in the temperature range of 2700 to 3000 K in samples levitated in a CO/Ar stream. The carbon and oxygen dissolution in liquid niobium from CO gas is an exothermic process, and the solubilities of carbon and oxygen (Ce, Oe in at. pct) are related to temperature (T in kelvin) and partial pressure of CO (P co in atm) as follows:ln Ce ϩ ln Oe Ϫ P co ϭ 2.32 ⅐ 10 4 /T Ϫ 2.35The reaction CO → [C] ϩ [O], which occurs along with the evaporation of niobium oxide during the absorption of carbon and oxygen, is a second-order process with a first-order dependence on C and O concentrations, respectively. The absorption mechanism implies that the overall reaction rate is controlled by the substep of dissociation of surface-adsorbed CO molecules. The rate equations for C and O absorption are given as follows:where C and O are carbon and oxygen concentrations in atomic percent, respectively, A is the surface area of the sample in cm 2 , and V is the volume in cm 3 .

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Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-N system

Huang

1996

Metall Mater Trans A

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Interaction behavior of nitrogen in liquid niobium

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Nitrogen solubility in liquid manganese and ferromanganese alloys

Nitrogen solubility in liquid manganese and ferromanganese alloys

Absorption kinetics and mechanisms of carbon monoxide in liquid niobium

Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-N system

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