We have demonstrated a new method for the large-area graphene growth, which can lead to a scalable low-cost high-throughput production technology. The method is based on growing single-layer or few-layer graphene films from a molten phase. The process involves dissolving carbon inside a molten metal at a specified temperature and then allowing the dissolved carbon to nucleate and grow on top of the melt at a lower temperature. The examined metals for the metal -carbon melts included copper and nickel. For the latter, pristine single layer graphene was grown successfully. The resulting graphene layers were subjected to detailed microscopic and Raman spectroscopic characterization.The deconvolution of the Raman 2D band was used to accurately determine the number of atomic planes in the resulting graphene layers and access their quality. The results indicate that our technology can provide bulk graphite films, few-layer graphene as well as high-quality single layer graphene on metals. Our approach can also be used for producing graphene-metal thermal interface materials for thermal management applications.
Basic mechanical property and materials strength measurements are obtained by standardized mechanical tests, many of which are described in this category. Each article in this category not only covers details, principles, and practical aspects of the various tests, but also provides comprehensive reference to the standard procedures and sample geometries dictated by the ASTM or other standards agencies. Also covered are additional mechanical testing techniques such as high‐strain‐rate testing, measurements under pressure, and tribological and wear testing. As such, the group of articles covers a broad spectrum of techniques used to assess materials behavior in a variety of engineering applications.
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