Interaction and acute cross tolerance between ethanol and hexobarbitone in the rat

Wahlström, Göran; Widerlöv, Erik

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1971.tb12780.x

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In the present work, cross-tolerance to pentobarbital-induced hypothermia appeared to be due largely to the transfer of conditioning, because only a marginal degree of cross-tolerance was seen in the HE. Nevertheless, cross-tolerance to pentobarbital after chronic ethanol treatment has been reported to occur in a nonconditioning paradigm (Wahlstr6m and Widerl6v 1971;Stevenson and Turnbull 1974). The question therefore remains open, concerning the precise role of conditioning in the production of tolerance and cross-tolerance, and the mechanism(s) by which it acts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The contribution of environmental cues to cross-tolerance between ethanol and pentobarbital

El-Ghundi

Kalant

Lê³

et al. 1989

Psychopharmacology

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The contribution of Pavlovian conditioning of environmental cues has been studied in relation to tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital. Two groups of 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed every other day to a distinctive set of environmental cues paired with an IP injection of either ethanol 2.5 g/kg or an equivalent volume of isotonic saline. On alternating non-drug days, both groups received saline in the animal room. When they were tested for tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol 2.5 g/kg and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital 25 mg/kg in each environment, tolerance and cross-tolerance in the ethanol-treated group were significantly more pronounced in the ethanol-paired environment than in the saline-paired environment. This indicates the importance of a conditional factor in tolerance and cross-tolerance in this paradigm. Determination of blood levels of ethanol and pentobarbital at various times after injection indicated that conditioned tolerance and cross-tolerance can be explained in part by dispositional factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The contribution of environmental cues to cross-tolerance between ethanol and pentobarbital

El-Ghundi

Kalant

Lê³

et al. 1989

Psychopharmacology

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“…The ethanol injection (10% w/v in saline) was in groups 3 and 4 given 0.25 hr and in groups 5 and 6 2.5-3.0 hrs prior to the hexobarbital threshold determination. These time intervals were chosen to obtain similar blood ethanol concentration in all groups (Wahlstrom & Widerlov 1971). On a few occasions rats with blood ethanol concentrations less than 0.9 mg/ml were discarded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The injection had in these cases probably not been given intraperitoneally. If tested with the time intervals used here normal animals display a measurable "acute" tolerance (Wahlstrom & Widerlov 1971;Wahlstrom 1975).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Acute Tolerance to Ethanol in the Abstinence Period after Long‐term Barbital Treatment in the rat

Wahlström

1979

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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Male rats were treated with sodium barbital in the drinking water for 18 weeks. The average weekly dosage was around 215 mg/kg in groups 1, 3 and 5. Groups 2, 4 and 6 were controls. Every week in the abstinence period after the barbital treatment the sensitivity to hexobarbital was tested with a threshold method after three different pretreatments. These pretreatments consisted of saline (groups 1 and 2) and ethanol (2.0 g/kg intraperitoneally) given either 0.25 hr (groups 3 and 4) or 2.5‐3 hrs (group 5 and 6) prior to the hexobarbital test. Tolerance seen as a difference in the sensitivity to hexobarbital between groups 1 and 2 (saline pretreatment) were found on day 1, 8, 22 and 36 in the abstinence period. In groups 3 and 4 (tested 0.25 hr after ethanol) a tolerance was found on day 1 and 15. In groups 5 and 6 (tested 2.5‐3 hrs after ethanol) a tolerance was only found on day 1. An acute tolerance to ethanol in the controls (seen as a difference between groups 4 and 6) was always recorded. Since tolerance in group 1 was not always accompanied by a tolerance in group 3, an acute tolerance to ethanol is unlikely as an unitary explanation to the tolerance induced by the barbital treatment, which instead seem to be part of much more complex changes. The acute tolerance to ethanol was influenced by the weekly administrations of ethanol used in the tests of the controls (groups 4 and 6) which means that acute tolerance could be one participant in these more complex changes.

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“…During the treatment the average weekly consumption of ethanol increased from 2.1 g/kg/day to 5.8 g/kg/day. Ethanol concentrations in the blood were determined by gas chromatography (Curry et al, 1966;Wahlstr6m and Widerl6f, 1971) after 24-30 weeks of treatment. Blood levels between 1.4-2.3mg/ml were recorded after the first hour of consumption.…”

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confidence: 99%

Brain monoamine oxidase activity after chronic ethanol treatment of rats

1977

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Rats were given chronic treatments with ethanol in two ways: by offering 10% ethanol in water as the only liquid supply for 34 weeks and by exposing the rats to ethanol vapour during 5 h daily for 7 weeks. In this way blood ethanol levels of 1.4-2.3 and 5.5-6.9 mg/ml, respectively, were accomplished. In neither of the cases was brain monoamine oxidase activity changed. The result supports an hypothesis previously advanced that the lowered monoamine oxidase activity found in the brain of a suicide patient was not due to a direct effect of ethanol on alcoholics in the suicide group, but that the low enzyme activity reflected a low monoaminergic activity in the brains of the patients in the suicide group.

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Interaction and acute cross tolerance between ethanol and hexobarbitone in the rat

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

The contribution of environmental cues to cross-tolerance between ethanol and pentobarbital

The contribution of environmental cues to cross-tolerance between ethanol and pentobarbital

Studies on Acute Tolerance to Ethanol in the Abstinence Period after Long‐term Barbital Treatment in the rat

Brain monoamine oxidase activity after chronic ethanol treatment of rats

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