“…Palms belong to one of the largest plant families (Arecaceae) and represent a vital element of forest ecosystems, in terms of both ecological and economic importance (Reitz, 1974;Soares et al, 2014;Elias, 2018;Elias et al, , 2018Elias et al, , 2019. With abundance of nutritious fruits and seeds, palms provide an essential resource for tropical forest frugivores (Zona & Henderson, 1989;Andreazzi et al, 2009;Galetti et al, 2013;Vinholes, 2018). In addition, palms are key components of the forest structure, and can be found in all forest strata (canopy understory), although many tropical species have been extensively collected by humans, for both timber and non-timber uses (Ubessi-Macarini et al, 2011;Elias et al, 2019).…”