Inter-frame distortion drift analysis for reversible data hiding in encrypted H.264/AVC video bitstreams

Yao, Yuanzhi; Zhang, Weimin; Yu, Nenghai

doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2016.05.004

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In previous work , some efficient algorithms for embedding data into encrypted H.264/AVC video using code word/bin‐string substitution were proposed. In H.264/AVC, when the absolute value of the nonzero QTCs do not exceed 15, there are no suitable bin strings to be used for data hiding .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Data hiding in partially encrypted HEVC video

2020

ETRI Journal

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In this study, an efficient scheme for hiding data directly in partially encrypted versions of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) videos is proposed. The content owner uses stream cipher to selectively encrypt some HEVC‐CABAC bin strings in a format‐compliant manner. Then, the data hider embeds the secret message into the encrypted HEVC videos using the specific coefficient modification technique. Consequently, it can be used in third‐party computing environments (more generally, cloud computing). For security and privacy purposes, service providers cannot access the visual content of the host video. As the coefficient is only slightly modified, the quality of the decrypted video is satisfactory. The encrypted and marked bitstreams meet the requirements of format compatibility, and have the same bit rate. At the receiving end, data extraction can be performed in the encrypted domain or decrypted domain that can be adapted to different application scenarios. Several standard video sequences with different resolutions and contents have been used for experimental evaluation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we subsequently proposed some data hiding methods for encrypted H.264/AVC videos based on the CABAC bin‐string substitution . It should be noted that reversible data hiding in encrypted H.264/AVC videos were designed in .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data hiding in partially encrypted HEVC video

2020

ETRI Journal

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“…where d A 1 , d A 2 , and d A 3 denote average modification rate per coefficient-pair corresponding to the sets A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 , respectively. Thereby, equation (19) can be rewritten as In fact, the embedding distortion cannot be measured by equation (19) since H.264/AVC has intraframe and inter-frame predictions. Equation (19) can stand for total number of modification on QDCT coefficients but not embedding distortion.…”

Section: Analysis Of Embedding Capacity and Distortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel two-dimensional reversible data hiding method with high embedding capacity in H.264/advanced video coding

Chen

Wang

Tang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Developing the technology of reversible data hiding based on video compression standard, such as H.264/advanced video coding, has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Because it can be applied in some applications, such as error concealment and privacy protection. This has motivated us to propose a novel two-dimensional reversible data hiding method with high embedding capacity in this article. In this method, all selected quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients are first paired two by two. And then, each zero coefficient-pair can embed 3 information bits and the coefficient-pairs only containing one zero coefficient can embed 1 information bit. In addition, only one coefficient of each one of the rest coefficient-pairs needs to be changed for reversibility. Therefore, the proposed two-dimensional reversible data hiding method can obtain high embedding capacity when compared with the related work. Moreover, the proposed method leads to less degradation in terms of peak-signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, and less impact on bit-rate increase.

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“…Steganalysis is used to detect the stego objects and extract the secret messages. Among steganographic algorithms ; Zhang, Qin, Zhang et al (2018); Yao, Zhang and Yu (2016); Tang, Chen, Zhang et al (2015)] with text, image, and video as cover, the image steganographic algorithms attract widespread attention from steganalysts. Steganalysts have designed numerous effective steganalysis algorithms [Yang, Liu, Luo et al (2013); Pevný, Bas and Fridrich (2010)] for a number of classic image steganographic algorithms such as least significant bit steganography (LSB), F5 [Westfeld (2001)], and MB [Sallee (2005)], where many steganalysis algorithms could even locate or extract the secret messages in certain cases [Yang, Luo, Lu et al (2018)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Image Steganalysis Based on Residuals of Channel Differences

Kang¹,

Liu²,

Yang³

et al. 2019

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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This study proposes a color image steganalysis algorithm that extracts highdimensional rich model features from the residuals of channel differences. First, the advantages of features extracted from channel differences are analyzed, and it shown that features extracted in this manner should be able to detect color stego images more effectively. A steganalysis feature extraction method based on channel differences is then proposed, and used to improve two types of typical color image steganalysis features. The improved features are combined with existing color image steganalysis features, and the ensemble classifiers are trained to detect color stego images. The experimental results indicate that, for WOW and S-UNIWARD steganography, the improved features clearly decreased the average test errors of the existing features, and the average test errors of the proposed algorithm is smaller than those of the existing color image steganalysis algorithms. Specifically, when the payload is smaller than 0.2 bpc, the average test error decreases achieve 4% and 3%.

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Inter-frame distortion drift analysis for reversible data hiding in encrypted H.264/AVC video bitstreams

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Data hiding in partially encrypted HEVC video

Data hiding in partially encrypted HEVC video

A novel two-dimensional reversible data hiding method with high embedding capacity in H.264/advanced video coding

Color Image Steganalysis Based on Residuals of Channel Differences

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