Intensity and Structure of Research and Development in the Czech and Slovak Regions

Abstract

Research and development (R&D) is perceived as an important source for new innovation and innovation is the key driving force for economic development and competitiveness. This article deals with characteristics of research and development in the Czech and Slovak regions. Both states have common history, similar socio-economic conditions and similar problems. The aim of the article is to assess and compare the intensity and structure of R&D in the regions. It was confirmed that in both countries research activity is concentrated in the capital cities (Prague and the Bratislava Region) and the South Moravian Region. The expenditures on R&D reach 2 % of gross domestic product in the Czech Republic and 0,89 % in Slovakia, which is below the average of the EU countries. The intensity of R&D in this article is evaluated through the I R&D index and using the cluster analysis the regions are divided into three groups. The I R&D index confirmed higher intensity of R&D in the Czech regions. The evaluation of the R&D structure is based on Quadrant of research orientation and it is supplemented by the share of technical and natural sciences. The best prerequisites for innovations can be expected in regions with Pasteur-type and Edison-type research orientation. Our analysis showed that research activity is lower in Slovakia in general and this fact does not represent good conditions for Slovak competitiveness.

Nepřímý odhad vývoje struktury produktivity v regionech

“…Pro pochopení principů existujících rozvojových schémat a mechanismů, jež zpravidla plynou z dlouhodobých sledů souvislostí a předešlých rozhodnutí, respektive tzv. path-dependance procesů (Arthur, 1994;David, 2001), a s jejichž důkladnou znalostí samozřejmě bezprostředně souvisí i efektivita potenciálních korekčních opatření realizovaných prostřednictvím obvyklých nástrojů regionální politiky, případně k analogickým cílům vedoucí regionální dimenze inovační politiky (Žítek, Klímová, 2015;Klímová, Žítek, 2017), či jinou formou zásahu, je tedy nezbytné problematiku produktivity detailně a systematicky analyzovat i právě na úrovni regionů.…”